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1.
Crit Care ; 26(1): 37, 2022 02 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35135588

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Non-invasive oxygenation strategies have a prominent role in the treatment of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While the efficacy of these therapies has been studied in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, the clinical outcomes associated with oxygen masks, high-flow oxygen therapy by nasal cannula and non-invasive mechanical ventilation in critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) patients remain unclear. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we used the best of nine covariate balancing algorithms on all baseline covariates in critically ill COVID-19 patients supported with > 10 L of supplemental oxygen at one of the 26 participating ICUs in Catalonia, Spain, between March 14 and April 15, 2020. RESULTS: Of the 1093 non-invasively oxygenated patients at ICU admission treated with one of the three stand-alone non-invasive oxygenation strategies, 897 (82%) required endotracheal intubation and 310 (28%) died during the ICU stay. High-flow oxygen therapy by nasal cannula (n = 439) and non-invasive mechanical ventilation (n = 101) were associated with a lower rate of endotracheal intubation (70% and 88%, respectively) than oxygen masks (n = 553 and 91% intubated), p < 0.001. Compared to oxygen masks, high-flow oxygen therapy by nasal cannula was associated with lower ICU mortality (hazard ratio 0.75 [95% CI 0.58-0.98), and the hazard ratio for ICU mortality was 1.21 [95% CI 0.80-1.83] for non-invasive mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSION: In critically ill COVID-19 ICU patients and, in the absence of conclusive data, high-flow oxygen therapy by nasal cannula may be the approach of choice as the primary non-invasive oxygenation support strategy.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Noninvasive Ventilation , Respiratory Insufficiency , COVID-19/therapy , Cannula , Humans , Intensive Care Units , Intubation, Intratracheal , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Retrospective Studies , SARS-CoV-2 , Spain
2.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 24(2)abr.-jun. 2008.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-638362

ABSTRACT

La atrofia cortical posterior (ACP) es una demencia poco frecuente caracterizada por la degeneración de la corteza occipitoparietal y de las vías dorsal y ventral de procesamiento visual, que se manifiesta inicialmente por una alteración en las funciones visuales complejas y posteriormente por la aparición de elementos del síndrome de Balint y del síndrome de Gerstmann. La afectación visuoperceptual es predominante en el cuadro, respecto a otros síntomas cognitivos como el compromiso de la memoria. Se presentan tres pacientes con este síndrome demencial, que iniciaron el cuadro clínico con alteraciones visuoperceptuales y desorientación visuoespacial sin alteración inicial de la memoria, del comportamiento ni del lenguaje. Todos los casos fueron comprobados con estudios de neuroimágenes, en los que se encontró atrofia focal occipitoparietal bilateral predominante. La atrofia cortical posterior es un tipo de demencia focal, en la cual las manifestaciones visuoperceptuales son los síntomas iniciales y predominantes, mientras que otros dominios cognitivos como la memoria, el lenguaje y el comportamiento están preservados y se conservan hasta fases avanzadas de la enfermedad. Al presentar estos casos similares entre sí y concordantes con lo reportado previamente en la literatura, se hace relevante reconocer la ACP como un tipo de demencia presenil con características clínicas propias que permiten diferenciarla del perfil neuropsicológico de otras demencias.


Subject(s)
Agnosia , Atrophy , Dementia , Neuropsychology
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