ABSTRACT
Eupatorium inulaefolium is used as an antimalarial agent by traditional healers of the Tumaco region (Nariño-Colombia). Several extracts of this plant have been tested by our laboratory and in vitro antimalarial activity against the FCB-2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum has been confirmed. For this reason, the mutagenic effect of the methanol, dichloromethane, and hexane extracts of Eupatorium inulaefolium (number 83377 university of Antioquia herbarium) were evaluated using the Ames test. None of the extracts evaluated had mutagenic effects on TA-98 or TA-100 strains of Salmonella typhimurium.
Subject(s)
Antimalarials/toxicity , Mutagens/toxicity , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Animals , Base Pair Mismatch/drug effects , DNA, Bacterial/drug effects , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Frameshift Mutation/drug effects , In Vitro Techniques , Male , Mutagenicity Tests , Plant Extracts/toxicity , Rats , Salmonella typhimurium/drug effects , Salmonella typhimurium/genetics , Solvents , Subcellular Fractions/drug effects , Subcellular Fractions/enzymologyABSTRACT
The immunogenicity of anti-malaria synthetic vaccine SPf66 was tested in a region of the Colombian middle Atrato river. The specific serum antibodies against SPf66 were quantified in vaccinees and placebo injected controls for a two-years period post-immunization. The frequency of individuals showing seroconversion of anti-SPf66 antibodies three months after completion of the immunization schedule was higher in vaccinees than in controls (52.7% and 25.5%, respectively, p < 0.01). However, an over than four-fold increase of the specific anti-SPf66 antibody titers was observed only in 1.4% of vaccinees and 0.2% of the controls (p < 0.01). The anti-SPf66 antibody titers augmented in vaccinees from first dose application to three months after the third dose, continuously decreasing thereafter to reach below baseline values two years after completion of the immunization schedule. The results show that SPf66 has very low immunogenicity and induces a short term humoral immune response (six months).
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Malaria Vaccines/immunology , Malaria, Falciparum/prevention & control , Plasmodium falciparum/immunology , Protozoan Proteins/immunology , Recombinant Proteins , Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Antibody Formation/immunology , Child , Child, Preschool , Colombia , Double-Blind Method , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant , Malaria, Falciparum/immunology , Male , Middle Aged , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
The immunogenicity of anti-malaria synthetic vaccine SPf66 was tested in a region of the Colombian middle Atrato river. The specific serum antibodies against SPf66 were quantified in vaccinees and placebo injected controls for a two-years period post-immunization. The frequency of individuals showing seroconversion of anti-SPf66 antibodies three months after completion of the immunization schedule was higher in vaccinees than in controls (52.7 per cent and 25.5 per cent, respectively, p<0.01). However, an over than four-fold increase of the specific anti-SPf66 antibody titers was observed only in 1.4 per cent of vaccinees and 0.2 per cent of the controls (p<0.01). The anti-SPf66 antibody titers augmented in vaccinees from first dose application to three months after the thrid dose, continuously decreasing thereafter to reach below baseline values two years after completion of the immunization schedule. The results show that SPf66 has very low immunogenicity and induces a short term humoral immune response (six months).
