Effects of resistance training on muscle strength, body composition and immune-inflammatory markers in people living with HIV: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Purpose: The purpose of this review is to evaluate the effect of resistance training (RT) as a unique intervention on muscle strength, body composition, and immune-inflammatory markers in people living with HIV (PLHIV).Methods: The searches were conducted in seven databases and included published randomized clinical trials that assessed the effect of RT vs. no exercise on muscle strength, body composition, and immune-inflammatory markers in PLHIV until June 2021. Random effects meta-analyses of mean differences (MD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were performed, and the effect size was estimated by Hedges' g test.Results: Seven RCTs were included (n= 258 PLHIV) and the study duration lasted between six and 24 weeks. In comparison to no exercise, RT improved muscle strength in bench press (MD 10.69 kg, 95%IC 3.44 to 17.93, p= 0.004, g =2.42) and squat (MD 22.66 kg, 95%IC 7.82 to 37.50, p= 0.003, g = 3.8) exercises, lean body mass (MD 2.96 kg, 95%CI 0.98 to 4.94, p= 0.003, g = 1.99), fat body mass(MD -2.67 kg; 95%CI -4.95 to -0.39, p= 0.02, g=-0.99), body fat percentage (MD -3.66%, 95%CI -6.04 to -1.29, p= 0.003, g=-1.99) and CD4+ cells count(MD 100.15 cells/mm3, 95%CI 12.21 to 188.08, p = 0.03, g = 2.91) in PLHIV. There was no effect of RT on IL-6 (MD -1.18 pg/mL, 95%CI -3.71 to 1.35, p = 0.36, g = 0.001) and TNF-α (MD -4.76 pg/mL, 95%CI -10.81 to 1.29, p = 0.12, g=-1.3) concentrations in PLHIV. Conclusions: RT as a unique intervention improves muscle strength, body composition and CD4+ count cells in PLHIV.

Respostas cardiovasculares ao treino resistido com diferentes níveis de oclusão vascular / Cardiovascular responses to resistance training with different vascular oclusion levels

: O treino com oclusão vascular (OV) tem sido amplamente utilizado devido a seus benefícios. No entanto, ainda permanecem escassos os estudos em relação às respostas cardiovasculares a este tipo de treino. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as respostas hemodinâmicas e trabalho do miocárdio com diferentes níveis de oclusão vascular no exercício de extensão unilateral de joelho. Recrutamos 14 voluntários e estes foram submetidos a um protocolo de três séries de 15 repetições com 30% de uma repetição máxima no exercício de extensão unilateral de joelho com diferentes níveis de OV, sendo eles: sem oclusão (SO), oclusão parcial (OP) e oclusão total (OT). A pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e frequência cardíaca (FC) foram verificadas em repouso e ao final de cada série do protocolo. A análise de variância de duas entradas com post hoc de Bonferroni foi utilizado para verificar diferença entre os tipos de oclusão, tendo nível de significância quando p<0.05. Observou-se diferença da PAS, FC e duploproduto (DP) entre as séries e o repouso (p<0,001). Independentemente do tipo de execução, a PAS, FC e DP foram maiores na 2ª e 3ª séries comparadas à 1ª. A OP e OT proporcionaram maiores valores de PAS na 3ª série comparada à 2ª série (p= 0,036; p=0,025). Por fim, houve diferença na 3ª série entre a OT e SO (p= 0,01). O presente estudo conclui que a sobrecarga cardiovascular tem relação direta com o volume de exercício e o nível de oclusão....(AU)

Vascular occlusion (VO) training has been widely used because of its benefits. However, there are still few studies regarding cardiovascular responses to this type of training. The objective of this study was to verify hemodynamics responses and myocardial workload with different occlusion levels on unilateral knee extension exercise. We recruited 14 volunteers and were submitted to a protocol of three series of 15 repetitions with 30% of a maximal repetition in the exercise of with different levels of OV, being: no occlusion (NO), partial occlusion (PO) and total occlusion (TO). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) were checked at rest and at the end of each protocol series. Bonferroni post hoc twoway analysis of variance was used to verify the difference between occlusion types, with significance level when p <0.05. A difference of SBP, HR and double-product (DP) between series and rest was observed (p<0.001). Regardless of the type of execution, SBP, HR and DP were higher in the 2nd and 3rd grades compared to the 1st. The PO and TO provided higher SBP values in the 3rd grade compared to the 2nd grade (p = 0.036, p = 0.025). Finally, there was a difference in the 3rd grade between TO and NO (p =0.01). It's concluded that the cardiovascular overload has direct relation with exercise volume and occlusion level....(AU)