ABSTRACT
The strategy for surgical treatment of chronic ankle instability is becoming increasingly refined. In instances of isolated symptomatic non-repairable anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) injury, there is a surgical indication for isolated ATFL reconstruction. However, we feel that the typical gracilis tendon graft is not always appropriate. Interest in using the plantaris tendon as a graft has picked up since a biomechanics study found the tensile strength of a quadrupled plantaris tendon is comparable to that of the ATFL. Here, we describe an original arthroscopic technique for isolated ATFL reconstruction using a quadrupled plantaris tendon (PT4) graft.
Subject(s)
Ankle Injuries , Joint Instability , Lateral Ligament, Ankle , Ankle Injuries/diagnostic imaging , Ankle Injuries/surgery , Ankle Joint/diagnostic imaging , Ankle Joint/surgery , Humans , Joint Instability/surgery , Lateral Ligament, Ankle/surgery , Tendons/surgeryABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (IFR) is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients, principally those with cellular immunodeficiency, with mortality ranging from 50 to 80%. Prophylaxis and early diagnosis increase the chances of successful treatment. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical prospective randomized study. AIM: To present cases of IFR and to compare them with data reported in the literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis of eleven cases of IFR confirmed by pathologist examination. RESULTS: Aspergillus was found to be the most prevalent pathogen. Symptoms ranged from high fever in most cases to nasal discharge, ulceration of the nasal mucosa, headache and periorbital edema. CONCLUSION: The combination of amphotericin B and endoscopic surgery, associated or not with Caldwell-Luc surgery, showed good results. The use of liposomal amphotericin B also presented a satisfactory outcome.
