Carbon fiber felt scaffold from Brazilian textile PAN fiber for regeneration of critical size bone defects in rats: A histomorphometric and microCT study.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the carbon fiber obtained from textile PAN fiber, in its different forms, as a potential scaffolds synthetic bone. Thirty-four adult rats were used (Rattus norvegicus, albinus variation), two critical sized bone defects were made that were 5 mm in diameter. Twenty-four animals were randomly divided into four groups: control (C)-bone defect + blood clot, non-activated carbon fiber felt (NACFF)-bone defect + NACFF, activated carbon fiber felt (ACFF)-bone defect + ACFF, and silver activated carbon fiber felt (Ag-ACFF)-bone defect + Ag-ACFF, and was observed by 15 and 60 days for histomorphometric, three-dimensional computerized microtomography (microCT) and mineral apposition analysis. On histomorphometric and microCT analyses, NACFF were associated with higher proportion of neoformed bone and maintenance of bone structure. On fluorochrome bone label, there was no differences between the groups. NACFF has shown to be a promising synthetic material as a scaffold for bone regeneration.

Prevalence of condylar morphological changes in individuals with class II malocclusion.

This observational, cross-sectional study with retrospective collection was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of morphological changes in mandibular condyles in individuals with class II malocclusion, classified according to different vertical growth patterns (brachyfacial, mesofacial, and dolichofacial), through cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Seventy CBCT images (140 mandibular condyles) were selected from individuals without orthodontic treatment, of both sexes, aged between 25 and 50 years. No statistically significant differences were found between facial patterns; however, there was a higher relative prevalence of bone changes in dolichofacial individuals with flattening (62%), sclerosis (44%), and subchondral bone cyst (20%). Erosion and osteophytes prevailed in mesofacial (39%), and brachyfacial individuals (32%), respectively. Thus, there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of degenerative changes between the vertical skeletal patterns. Flattening was the most prevalent change, whereas subchondral bone cyst was the least prevalent among the three groups studied. The observational design of this study makes it possible to analyze image banks to verify the correlation of morphological changes in the temporomandibular joint in different facial patterns in patients with class II malocclusion. A limitation of the study is that clinical characteristics were not evaluated.

Enhanced Diagnostic Precision: Assessing Tumor Differentiation in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using Multi-Slice Spiral CT Texture Analysis.

This study explores the efficacy of texture analysis by using preoperative multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) to non-invasively determine the grade of cellular differentiation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In a retrospective study, MSCT scans of patients with HNSCC were analyzed and classified based on its histological grade as moderately differentiated, well-differentiated, or poorly differentiated. The location of the tumor was categorized as either in the bone or in soft tissues. Segmentation of the lesion areas was conducted, followed by texture analysis. Eleven GLCM parameters across five different distances were calculated. Median values and correlations of texture parameters were examined in relation to tumor differentiation grade by using Spearman's correlation coefficient and Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests. Forty-six patients were included, predominantly female (87%), with a mean age of 66.7 years. Texture analysis revealed significant parameter correlations with histopathological grades of tumor differentiation. The study identified no significant age correlation with tumor differentiation, which underscores the potential of texture analysis as an age-independent biomarker. The strong correlations between texture parameters and histopathological grades support the integration of this technique into the clinical decision-making process.

Three-Dimensional Volumetric Investigation of Onodi Cells: A Multi-Slice Computed Tomography Study.

Introduction Onodi cells (OCs) are posterior ethmoid cells that are located above the sphenoid sinus, close to or even surrounding the carotid artery and optic nerve. Objective To investigate and evaluate the volumetric variation of OCs through multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) scans. Methods We performed a retrospective review of MSCT scans of 79 subjects, 40 male and 39 female patients, Whose age ranged from 18 to 83 (mean: 39.6) years. The volumes of the OCs on the right and left sides were measured using the ITK-SNAP software (open-source) with semiautomatic segmentation. The possible relationships involving age, gender, contact with the optic nerve, extension of the pneumatization of the posterior ethmoid cells into the clinoid processes, mucous thickening in the anterior and posterior ethmoid cells, and obliteration of the sphenoethmoidal complex were analyzed with the Pearson correlation and Chi-squared tests according to the type of data compared and logistic regression models ( p < 0.05). Results We observed that an increase of one unit in the volume of OCs also increases the chance of extension of pneumatization into the clinoid processes by 0.15% ( p = 0.001). No significant correlations were identified regarding age, gender, and volume of the OCs. Conclusion The volume of the OCs has effects on the extension of pneumatization into the clinoid processes.

Texture Analysis of Temporomandibular Joint Disc Changes Associated with Effusion Using Magnetic Resonance Images.

The purpose of this study was to identify changes in the temporomandibular joint disc affected by effusion by using texture analysis of magnetic resonance images (MRIs). METHODS: A total of 223 images of the TMJ, 42 with joint effusion and 181 without, were analyzed. Three consecutive slices were then exported to MaZda software, in which two oval ROIs (one in the anterior band and another in the intermediate zone of the joint disc) were determined in each slice and eleven texture parameters were calculated by using a gray-level co-occurrence matrix. Spearman's correlation coefficient test was used to assess the correlation between texture variables and to select variables for analysis. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the groups. RESULTS: The significance level was set at 5%, with the results demonstrating that there was no high correlation between the parameter directions. It was possible to observe a trend between the average parameters, in which the group with effusion always had smaller values than the group without effusion, except for the parameter measuring the difference in entropy. CONCLUSION: The trend towards lower overall values for the texture parameters suggested a different behavior between TMJ discs affected by effusion and those not affected, indicating that there may be intrinsic changes.

Texture analysis as a marker for identifying joint changes in temporomandibular disorders on magnetic resonance imaging / Análise de textura como marcador para identificação de alterações das articulares por disfunções temporomandibulares em imagens por ressonância magnética

Objective: The present investigation aimed to characterize Texture Analysis (TA) parameters of the condylar medullary bone and the superior aspect of the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for the identification of potential changes in individuals with temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Material and Methods: A total of 40 MRI scans was retrospectively selected, consisting of 20 from patients without temporomandibular joint (TMJ) changes (control group) and 20 from patients diagnosed with TMD (TMD group). All MRI scans adhered to a consistent protocol, utilizing an 8.0 cm diameter bilateral surface coil to capture latero-medial parasagittal images with T2-weighted and Proton Density-weighted (PD), both with the mouth closed and at maximum mouth opening. TA was performed using the MaZda 4.20 software (Institute of Electronics, Technical University of Lodz, Poland). The regions of interest (ROI) were standardized for all evaluated images, and texture parameters were calculated through the gray-level co-occurrence matrix method. TA results underwent comparison using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the Correlation and Moment of Inverse Difference parameters between control and TMD groups, notably evident in PD-weighted images for the region of the condylar medullary bone and the LPM, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion: Thus, the TA method exhibits promising potential to provide valuable information, enhancing the accuracy of TMD diagnosis and classification (AU)

Objetivo: Objetivou-se caracterizar os parâmetros de AT da medular do côndilo e do vente superior do músculo pterigóideo lateral (MPL) em imagens de Ressonância Magnética (RM), com o intuito de identificar possíveis alterações de indivíduos com disfunção temporomandibular (DTM). Material e Métodos: Foram selecionados 40 exames de RM das articulações temporomandibulares de arquivo, sendo 20 exames de pacientes sem alteração na articulação temporomandibular (ATM) (grupo C) e 20 exames de indivíduos diagnosticados com disfunção tempormandibular (grupo DTM). Todos os exames de RM foram adquiridos com o mesmo protocolo, utilizando uma bobina de superfícies bilateral de 8,0 cm de diâmetro, com imagens parassagitais látero-mediais, ponderadas em T2 e Densidade Protônica (DP), em boca fechada e máxima abertura bucal. Para a AT utilizou-se o software MaZda 4.20 (Institute of Electronics, Technical Universityof Lodz, Polônia), foram determinadas as regiões de interesse (ROIs), sendo a mesma para todas as imagens e, então, foram calculados os parâmetros de textura, por meio do método de matriz de co-ocorrência de níveis de cinza. Os resultados foram submetidos ao teste de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Pôde-se verificar que os parâmetros de Correlação e de Momento da Diferença Inversa apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante, entre os grupos analisados C x DTM verificados nas imagens ponderadas em DP, para a região da medular condilar e do MPL, respectivamente (p<0.05). Conclusão:A AT é um método que tem potencial para fornecer informações com a finalidade de melhorar a precisão do diagnóstico e da classificação das DTM (AU)

Three-Dimensional Volumetric Investigation of Onodi Cells: A Multi-Slice Computed Tomography Study

Abstract Introduction Onodi cells (OCs) are posterior ethmoid cells that are located above the sphenoid sinus, close to or even surrounding the carotid artery and optic nerve. Objective To investigate and evaluate the volumetric variation of OCs through multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) scans. Methods We performed a retrospective review of MSCT scans of 79 subjects, 40 male and 39 female patients, Whose age ranged from 18 to 83 (mean: 39.6) years. The volumes of the OCs on the right and left sides were measured using the ITK-SNAP software (open-source) with semiautomatic segmentation. The possible relationships involving age, gender, contact with the optic nerve, extension of the pneumatization of the posterior ethmoid cells into the clinoid processes, mucous thickening in the anterior and posterior ethmoid cells, and obliteration of the sphenoethmoidal complex were analyzed with the Pearson correlation and Chi-squared tests according to the type of data compared and logistic regression models (p < 0.05). Results We observed that an increase of one unit in the volume of OCs also increases the chance of extension of pneumatization into the clinoid processes by 0.15% (p = 0.001). No significant correlations were identified regarding age, gender, and volume of the OCs. Conclusion The volume of the OCs has effects on the extension of pneumatization into the clinoid processes.

Prevalence of condylar morphological changes in individuals with class II malocclusion

Abstract This observational, cross-sectional study with retrospective collection was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of morphological changes in mandibular condyles in individuals with class II malocclusion, classified according to different vertical growth patterns (brachyfacial, mesofacial, and dolichofacial), through cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Seventy CBCT images (140 mandibular condyles) were selected from individuals without orthodontic treatment, of both sexes, aged between 25 and 50 years. No statistically significant differences were found between facial patterns; however, there was a higher relative prevalence of bone changes in dolichofacial individuals with flattening (62%), sclerosis (44%), and subchondral bone cyst (20%). Erosion and osteophytes prevailed in mesofacial (39%), and brachyfacial individuals (32%), respectively. Thus, there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of degenerative changes between the vertical skeletal patterns. Flattening was the most prevalent change, whereas subchondral bone cyst was the least prevalent among the three groups studied. The observational design of this study makes it possible to analyze image banks to verify the correlation of morphological changes in the temporomandibular joint in different facial patterns in patients with class II malocclusion. A limitation of the study is that clinical characteristics were not evaluated.

Texture analysis in cone-beam computed tomographic images of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the trabecular bone through texture analysis and compare the texture analysis characteristics of different areas in patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Materials and Methods: Cone-beam computed tomographic images of 16 patients diagnosed with MRONJ were used. In sagittal images, 3 regions were chosen: active osteonecrosis (AO); intermediate tissue (IT), which presented a zone of apparently healthy tissue adjacent to the AO area; and healthy bone tissue (HT) (control area). Texture analysis was performed evaluating 7 parameters: secondary angular momentum, contrast, correlation, sum of squares, inverse moment of difference, sum of entropies, and entropy. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with a significance level of 5%. Results: Comparing the areas of AO, IT, and HT, significant differences (P<0.05) were observed. The IT and AO area images showed higher values for parameters such as contrast, entropy, and secondary angular momentum than the HT area, indicating greater disorder in these tissues. Conclusion: Through texture analysis, changes in the bone pattern could be observed in areas of osteonecrosis. The texture analysis demonstrated that areas visually identified and classified as IT still had necrotic tissue, thereby increasing the accuracy of delimiting the real extension of MRONJ.

Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of the disc morphology of temporomandibular joint in patients with severe hemophilia.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the morphological differences in the articular disc (AD) between hemophilic patients and healthy individuals of the control group for further association with signs and symptoms. METHODS: Fourteen severe hemophilic patients had their AD evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The morphological findings were compared to those of a control group consisting of 14 healthy individuals. MRI was used to evaluate all the components of the temporomandibular (TMJ), including the AD, resulting in sequential T1-weighted parasagittal images. All the images were acquired with teeth in maximum intercuspation position. RESULTS: Morphological alterations showed significant statistical differences (P-value = 0.0068), whereas no statistical differences were found in the other variables, including TMJ pain, headache, bruxism and mouth opening limitation. In the group of non-hemophilic individuals, only two (14.29%) presented AD with non-biconcave features, whereas in the group of hemophilic patients, nine (64.29%) presented AD with a morphology other than biconcave. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with severe hemophilia, there seems to be a pattern of morphological alterations in the articular disc over time. The standard biconcave morphology of AD tends to change into other ones, particularly biplanar, hemiconvex and folded.

Cone-beam computed tomography texture analysis can help differentiate odontogenic and non-odontogenic maxillary sinusitis.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess texture analysis (TA) of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images as a quantitative tool for the differential diagnosis of odontogenic and non-odontogenic maxillary sinusitis (OS and NOS, respectively). Materials and Methods: CBCT images of 40 patients diagnosed with OS (N=20) and NOS (N=20) were evaluated. The gray level co-occurrence (GLCM) matrix parameters, and gray level run length matrix texture (GLRLM) parameters were extracted using manually placed regions of interest on lesion images. Seven texture parameters were calculated using GLCM and 4 parameters using GLRLM. The Mann-Whitney test was used for comparisons between the groups, and the Levene test was performed to confirm the homogeneity of variance (α=5%). Results: The results showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05) between the OS and NOS patients regarding 3 TA parameters. NOS patients presented higher values for contrast, while OS patients presented higher values for correlation and inverse difference moment. Greater textural homogeneity was observed in the OS patients than in the NOS patients, with statistically significant differences in standard deviations between the groups for correlation, sum of squares, sum of entropy, and entropy. Conclusion: TA enabled quantitative differentiation between OS and NOS on CBCT images by using the parameters of contrast, correlation, and inverse difference moment.

Effect of the pulsed electromagnetic field in the repair of a calvaria critical bone defect in rats: cone beam computed tomographic and histomorphometric analysis.: PEMF in the repair of a calvaria critical bone defect: CBCT analyses.

INTRODUCTION: The present study evaluated the effect of two protocols of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (PEMF) therapy on bone neoformation on calvaria critical defects in rats. MATERIAL & METHODS: 96 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: Control Group (CG; n=32); Test Group - PEMF 1 hour (TG1h; n=32) and Test Group - PEMF 3 hour (TG3h; n=32). A Critical-size Bone Defect (CSD) was surgically created in the calvaria of rats. The animals in the test groups were exposure to PEMF for 5 days a week. The animals were euthanized at 14, 21, 45 and 60 days. The specimens were processed for volume and texture (TAn) analysis, by Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and histomorphometric analysis, RESULTS: Histomorphometric and volume analyses revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in the repair of bone defects between groups receiving PEMF therapy and CG. TAn revealed a statistically significant difference between the groups only for the entropy parameter, in which TG1h group presented a higher value compared to CG on 21 days. TG1h and TG3h did not accelerate bone repair in calvarial critical size defect and the parameters of PEMF should be considered. DISCUSSION: This study showed that PEMF application on CSD in rats does not accelerate bone repair. Although literature showed a positive association in biostimulation on bone tissue with the parameters applied, studies with other PEMF parameters are essential to verify improving this study design.

Diffusion weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient discrimination of odontogenic keratocyst

Radiological diagnosis of Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC) is particularly challenging due to its radiological similarities in comparison to other odontogenic lesions. This study aimed to provide data from the literature review and to present a case report in which the diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were obtained to establish a possible way to differentiate OKC from other odontogenic lesions. Literature review data and its association with the present case report shows the potential to use DWI and ADC combination as a possible tool to differentiate OKC from ameloblastomas. (AU)

Magnetic resonance imaging texture analysis for quantitative evaluation of the mandibular condyle in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

OBJECTIVES: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the joints and other organs, including the development of the former in a growing child. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of texture analysis (TA) based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to provide biomarkers that serve to identify patients likely to progress to temporomandibular joint damage by associating JIA with age, gender and disease onset age. METHODS: The radiological database was retrospectively reviewed. A total of 45 patients were first divided into control group (23) and JIA group (22). TA was performed using grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) parameters, in which 11 textural parameters were calculated using MaZda software. These 11 parameters were ranked based on the p value obtained with ANOVA and then correlated with age, gender and disease onset age. RESULTS: Significant differences in texture parameters of condyle were demonstrated between JIA group and control group (p < 0.05). There was a progressive loss of uniformity in the grayscale pixels of MRI with an increasing age in JIA group. CONCLUSIONS: MRI TA of the condyle can make it possible to detect the alterations in bone marrow of patients with JIA and promising tool which may help the image analysis.

In vivo study of cone beam computed tomography texture analysis of mandibular condyle and its correlation with gender and age.

OBJECTIVE: Texture analysis is an image processing method that aims to assess the distribution of gray-level intensity and spatial organization of the pixels in the image. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the texture analysis applied to cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images could detect variation in the condyle trabecular bone of individuals from different age groups and genders. METHODS: The sample consisted of imaging exams from 63 individuals divided into three groups according to age groups of 03-13, 14-24 and 25-34. For texture analysis, the MaZda® software was used to extract the following parameters: second angular momentum, contrast, correlation, sum of squares, inverse difference moment, sum entropy and entropy. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney test for gender and Kruskal-Wallis test for age (P = 5%). RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found between age groups for any of the parameters. Males had lower values for the parameter correlation than those of females (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Texture analysis proved to be useful to discriminate mandibular condyle trabecular bone between genders.

Systemic scleroderma: imaging findings of diagnosis and clinical management of temporomandibular joint disorders / Esclerodermia sistêmica: diagnóstico por achados imaginológicos e manejo clínico das disfunções temporomandibulares

Scleroderma, an autoimmune disease, directly affects the production of collagen in the connective tissue. In its systemic form, the disease causes oral manifestations such as: limited mouth opening, xerostomia, periodontal disease, thickening of the periodontal ligament and bone resorption of the mandible. This case report aims to draw attention to the difficulties encountered in providing dental care to patients with scleroderma and also to highlight the imaging findings, with emphasis on the temporomandibular joints, which are of interest to dentists about the disease. In the present case, the patient presented bilateral condylar erosion, in addition to disc displacement without reduction. Due to the systemic condition of the patient, it was decided to make an individualized occlusal splint. The limitation of mouth opening is a limiting factor for the manufacture of prostheses and plates, which is why partial prostheses are indicated and are easily removed by the patient. The decisions taken have a great impact on the health and quality of life of patients in these conditions, so there is a need for multidisciplinary involvement in order to arrive at the best treatment plan. After five years of using the stabilizing plate overnight, the patient reports greater comfort and muscle relaxation upon waking up (AU)

Esclerodermia, uma doença autoimune, afeta diretamente a produção de colágeno do tecido conjuntivo. Na forma sistêmica, a doença causa manifestações bucais, como: limitação de abertura bucal, xerostomia, doença periodontal, espessamento do ligamento periodontal e reabsorção da mandíbula. Este relato de caso tem por objetivo chamar atenção para as dificuldades encontradas ao promover atendimento odontológico para pacientes com esclerodermia e também destacar os achados imaginológicos, com ênfase na articulação temporomandibular, que são da doença e de interessa ao cirurgião-dentista. No presente caso, a paciente apresentava erosão condilar bilateral, com deslocamento de disco sem redução. Devido à condição sistêmica da paciente, foi decidido confeccionar uma placa oclusal individualizada. A limitação de abertura bucal é um fator limitante para confecção de próteses e placas, por isso próteses parciais são indicadas, além de serem de fácil remoção pelo paciente. As decisões tomadas tem grande impacto na saúde e qualidade de vida de pacientes nessas condições, deste modo é necessário uma equipe multidisciplinar envolvidas para chegar no melhor plano de tratamento. Após cinco anos fazendo uso da placa estabilizadora durante a noite, a paciente relata maior conforto e relaxamento muscular ao acordar (AU)

Magnetic resonance imaging texture analysis of the temporomandibular joint for changes in the articular disc in individuals with migraine headache / Análise de textura por ressonância magnética da articulação temporomanbibular com alterações no disco articular em individuos com cefaleia migranea

Objective: the aim of this study was to analyse the performance of the technique of texture analysis (TA) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of temporomandibular joints (TMJs) as a tool for identification of possible changes in individuals with migraine headache (MH) by relating the findings to the presence of internal derangements. Material and Methods: thirty MRI scans of the TMJ were selected for study, of which 15 were from individuals without MH or any other type of headache (control group) and 15 from those diagnosed with migraine. T2-weighted MRI scans of the articular joints taken in closed-mouth position were used for TA. The co-occurrence matrix was used to calculate the texture parameters. Fisher's exact test was used to compare the groups for gender, disc function and disc position, whereas Mann-Whitney's test was used for other parameters. The relationship of TA with disc position and function was assessed by using logistic regression adjusted for side and group. Results: the results indicated that the MRI texture analysis of articular discs in individuals with migraine headache has the potential to determine the behaviour of disc derangements, in which high values of contrast, low values of entropy and their correlation can correspond to displacements and tendency for non-reduction of the disc in these individuals. Conclusion: the TA of articular discs in individuals with MH has the potential to determine the behaviour of disc derangements based on high values of contrast and low values of entropy (AU)

Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o desempenho da técnica de análise de textura (AT) em exames de ressonância magnética (RM) das articulações temporomandibulares (ATM) como ferramenta para identificação de possíveis alterações em indivíduos com cefaléia migrânea (CM) relacionando os achados com a presença de desarranjos internos. Material e Métodos: trinta exames de RM das ATM foram selecionados para estudo, sendo 15 de indivíduos sem cefaleia migrânea ou qualquer outro tipo de cefaléia (grupo controle) e 15 diagnosticados com CM. As imagens de RM ponderadas em T2 das articulações realizadas na posição de boca fechada foram usadas para AT. A matriz de co-ocorrência foi usada para calcular os parâmetros de textura. O teste exato de Fisher foi usado para comparar os grupos quanto ao sexo, função do disco e posição do disco, enquanto o teste de Mann-Whitney foi usado para os demais parâmetros. A relação da AT com a posição e função do disco foi avaliada por meio de regressão logística ajustada para lado e grupo. Resultados: a AT por RM dos discos articulares em indivíduos com cefaleia migrânea tem o potencial de determinar o comportamento dos desarranjos discais, em que altos valores de contraste, baixos valores de entropia e sua correlação podem corresponder a deslocamentos e tendência a não redução do disco nesses indivíduos. Conclusão: a análise de textura dos discos articulares em indivíduos com CM tem potencial para determinar o comportamento dos desarranjos do disco com base em altos valores de contraste e baixos valores de entropia. (AU)

Dental care for patients with special needs at a private higher education institute / Atendimento odontológico a pacientes com necessidades especiais em uma instituição privada de ensino superior

Objetivo: Pacientes com necessidades especiais são aqueles indivíduos que necessitam de cuidados especiais por tempo indeterminado ou por toda a vida. O presente estudo tem como objetivo abordar o atendimento odontológico de pacientes com necessidades especiais em uma instituição privada de ensino superior da cidade de São Paulo. Material e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, para análise de 210 prontuários odontológicos de pacientes com necessidades especiais atendidos no Departamento de Odontologia para Pacientes Especiais da Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul entre 2012 e 2018. Dados sobre sexo, idade, diagnóstico da condição debilitante, motivo da consulta, uso continuado de medicamentos, imagens radiográficas e tratamentos odontológicos prestados foram todos coletados e posteriormente submetidos à análise estatística descritiva e inferencial (teste do qui-quadrado) ao nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Quanto aos tipos de procedimentos odontológicos avaliados no presente estudo, dos 210 pacientes, 24% necessitaram de tratamentos curativos dentários em que a terapia periodontal foi o tipo mais prevalente, enquanto os tratamentos endodônticos tiveram a menor prevalência, representando apenas 4%. Houve alta prevalência de doenças crônicas sistêmicas, acometendo 56% dos casos, cuja faixa etária era superior a 40 anos. Conclusão: Check-ups odontológicos regulares devem ser priorizados em pacientes com necessidades especiais para evitar intervenções mais invasivas como em nosso grupo (AU)

Objective: Patients with special needs are those individuals who need special care for an undetermined period of time or for lifetime. The present study is aimed to address the dental care of special needs patients at a private higher education institute in the city of São Paulo. Material and Methods: A descriptive, retrospective study was performed for analysis of 210 dental records of special needs patients who were treated at the Dental Department for Special Patients of the Cruzeiro do Sul University between 2012 and 2018. Data on gender, age, diagnosis of the debilitating condition, reason of the consultation, continued use of medications, radiographic images and dental treatments provided were all collected before being submitted to descriptive and inferential statistical analysis (chi-square test) at a significance level of 5%. Results: As for the types of dental procedures assessed in the present study, of the 210 patients, 24% needed dental curative treatments in which periodontal therapy was the most prevalent type, whereas endodontic treatments had the lowest prevalence, representing 4% only. There was a high prevalence of chronic systemic diseases, affecting 56% of the dental records, whose age group was above 40 years old. Conclusion: Regular dental check-ups should be prioritized in patients with special needs to avoid more invasive interventions as found in our group (AU)

Three-Dimensional Volumetric Analysis of Frontal Ethmoidal Cells and Evaluation of Influential Factors: A Helical Computed Tomography Study.

In the present study, we aimed to assess frontal ethmoidal cells by using segmentation 3D software to establish a possible correlation between volume variation and both gender and age, as well as a relationship with Keros classification. Helical computed tomography images were obtained from 71 patients for analysis, in which the agger nasi cell, supra agger cell, supra agger frontal cell, supra bulla frontal cell, supraorbital ethmoidal cell, supra bulla cell, and frontal septal cell were identified and segmented to obtain their volume. Significant differences in volume were found for age and gender regarding agger nasi cells (p-value = 0.017), supra agger cells (p-value < 0.001), and frontal septal cells (p-value = 0.049). In the frontal septal cells, an increase of one year in age reduced the volume by 0.309, on average. According to Keros classification, the mean volumes were 10.07 and 25.64, respectively, for types II and III, both being greater than that of type I. Extracting volumetric data by using segmentation software in agger nasi cells, supra agger cells, and frontal septal cells may be useful for obtaining additional information related to age, in addition to possibly contributing to elucidating the anatomical variations in the region and an identification forensic tool.

Biological and chemical properties of five mineral oxides and of mineral trioxide aggregate repair high plasticity: an in vitro study.

Calcium silicate-based cements have diverse applications in endodontics. This study aimed to evaluate the antibiofilm action, biocompatibility, morphological structure, chemical composition and radiopacity of Five Mineral Oxides (5MO), Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Repair High Plasticity (MTA Repair HP), and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) cements. MTT analysis was used to test the antibiofilm action of these cements against five anaerobic microorganisms, and test their biocompatibility with mouse macrophage (RAW 264.7) and osteoblasts (MG-63) cultures. Their morphological structure and chemical composition were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and the phase analysis was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Conventional radiography was used to assess the radiopacity of the cements. 5MO, MTA Repair HP and MTA were effective against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Parvimonas micra, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia, they were biocompatible with macrophages and osteoblasts after 5 min of contact, and they had adequate radiopacity to be used clinically. Bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) is used as a radiopacifier in MTA and 5MO, and calcium tungstate, in MTA Repair HP. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) (ANATASE) is responsible for the antimicrobial action and biocompatibility of 5MO.