ABSTRACT
Spin-valley locking in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides has attracted enormous interest, since it offers potential for valleytronic and optoelectronic applications. Such an exotic electronic state has sparsely been seen in bulk materials. Here, we report spin-valley locking in a Dirac semimetal BaMnSb2. This is revealed by comprehensive studies using first principles calculations, tight-binding and effective model analyses, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements. Moreover, this material also exhibits a stacked quantum Hall effect (QHE). The spin-valley degeneracy extracted from the QHE is close to 2. This result, together with the Landau level spin splitting, further confirms the spin-valley locking picture. In the extreme quantum limit, we also observed a plateau in the z-axis resistance, suggestive of a two-dimensional chiral surface state present in the quantum Hall state. These findings establish BaMnSb2 as a rare platform for exploring coupled spin and valley physics in bulk single crystals and accessing 3D interacting topological states.
ABSTRACT
Ancient Egyptians experienced a vast increase in population size following the Neolithic Revolution. Nomadic hunter-gatherer groups gradually adopted agriculture as their primary food subsistence strategy. Analyses of human societies shifting from foragers to farmers have provided evidence which suggests this transition is linked with an increase in disease and allostatic load. This paper presents an examination of cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis prevalence in Predynastic and Dynastic Egyptians using public health evidence as a means to interpret the skeletal findings. The sample included 219 individuals from the regions of Naga-ed-Dêr, Mesheikh, Giza, and potentially El-Ahaiwah. The aim of this study was to identify significant differences of cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis across time and sex. Application of a Fisher-Freeman-Halton's test indicated there were no differences in prevalence of cribra orbitalia or porotic hyperostosis between the Predynastic and Dynastic, nor were there differences between the sexes. The results of this study did not produce any evidence for an epidemiological shift to have occurred in post-agricultural Egypt. Further, the most likely explanation of the pattern of disease stems from a parasitic model of infection.
Subject(s)
Agriculture , Anemia , Adult , Anemia/epidemiology , Anemia/history , Egypt , Female , History, Ancient , Humans , Hyperostosis/epidemiology , Hyperostosis/history , Male , Orbit/pathology , Paleopathology , Parasitic Diseases , PrevalenceABSTRACT
Elevated IgE levels in the atopic triad of asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis is a multifactorial condition whose genetic component involves interaction of several gene loci. One hundred and two matched pairs of allergic and nonallergic individuals were phenotyped for total serum IgE level using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Atopic status was defined by serum IgE concentration ≥100 IU mL(-1) . SNPs genotyped include the IL4 -590C>T (rs2243250), FCER1B E237G (rs569108), CD14 -159C>T (rs2569190), IL4RA Q551R (rs1801275) and ADRB2 R16G (rs1042713). Gene-gene interaction was analysed using multifactor-dimensionality reduction (MDR). Significant association between atopic allergy and the IL4 -590C>T polymorphism was confirmed in three genetic models. Interaction among the 5 gene variants was validated by MDR. The five-locus model was chosen as the best to describe the interaction of the SNPs within the context of atopy. The strongest interaction was between IL4 -590C>T and IL4RA Q551R and between FCER1B E237G and ADRB2 R16G. The IL4 variant also interacts synergistically with the FCER1B and ADRB2 coding variants. CD14 -159C>T, in general, interacts antagonistically with the rest of the SNPs. In conclusion, a five-locus interaction exists among IL4 -590C>T, FCER1B E237G, CD14 -159C>T, IL4RA Q551R and ADRB2 R16G in Filipino cases of atopic allergy.
Subject(s)
Epistasis, Genetic , Genetic Association Studies , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genetic Variation , Hypersensitivity/genetics , Alleles , Case-Control Studies , Gene Frequency , Genotype , Humans , Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Hypersensitivity/immunology , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/diagnosis , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/genetics , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/immunology , Immunoglobulin E/blood , Immunoglobulin E/immunology , Models, Genetic , Odds Ratio , Phenotype , Reproducibility of ResultsSubject(s)
Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate , Gestalt Theory , Interpersonal Relations , Psychodrama , Psychological Theory , Role Playing , Teaching/methods , Aged , Female , HumansABSTRACT
There has been a scarcity of information in the nursing literature in regard to the psychiatric syndrome of temporal lope epilepsy. This paper attempts to describe the basic features of this disorder as well as its diagnosis and medical treatment. Guidelines for patient assessment and strategies for intervention are presented.
