Can everyone hear me? Reflections on the use of global online workshops for promoting inclusive knowledge generation.

Online research methods have risen in popularity over recent decades, particularly in the wake of COVID-19. We conducted five online workshops capturing the experiences of participatory health researchers in relation to power, as part of a collaborative project to develop global knowledge systems on power in participatory health research. These workshops included predominantly academic researchers working in 24 countries across Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Here, we reflect on the opportunities, limitations, and key considerations of using online workshops for knowledge generation and shared learning. The online workshop approach offers the potential for cross-continental knowledge exchange and for the amplification of global South voices. However, this study highlights the need for deeper exploration of power dynamics exposed by online platform use, particularly the 'digital divide' between academic partners and community co-researchers. Further research is needed to better understand the role of online platforms in generating more inclusive knowledge systems.

A neglected among the neglected: a review of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Guatemala.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic vector-borne disease affecting mostly low- and middle-income countries. CL is endemic in Guatemala, where an increase in the number of cases and incidence and a changing disease distribution in the past decade have been reported. Important research was conducted in Guatemala in the 1980s and 1990s to understand the epidemiology of CL and two Leishmania species were identified as the aetiologic agents. Several species of sand flies have been reported, five of which are naturally infected with Leishmania. Clinical trials conducted in the country evaluated different treatments against the disease and provided solid evidence for CL control strategies that are applicable worldwide. More recently, in the 2000s and 2010s, qualitative surveys were conducted to understand community perceptions of the disease and to highlight the challenges and enablers for disease control. However, limited recent data have been generated regarding the current CL situation in Guatemala, and key information necessary for effective disease control, such as incrimination of vectors and reservoirs, is still lacking. This review describes the current state of knowledge of CL in Guatemala, including the main parasite and sand fly species, disease reservoirs, diagnosis and control, as well as the perceptions of communities in endemic regions.

'You want to deal with power while riding on power': global perspectives on power in participatory health research and co-production approaches.

INTRODUCTION: Power relations permeate research partnerships and compromise the ability of participatory research approaches to bring about transformational and sustainable change. This study aimed to explore how participatory health researchers engaged in co-production research perceive and experience 'power', and how it is discussed and addressed within the context of research partnerships. METHODS: Five online workshops were carried out with participatory health researchers working in different global contexts. Transcripts of the workshops were analysed thematically against the 'Social Ecology of Power' framework and mapped at the micro (individual), meso (interpersonal) or macro (structural) level. RESULTS: A total of 59 participants, with participatory experience in 24 different countries, attended the workshops. At the micro level, key findings included the rarity of explicit discussions on the meaning and impact of power, the use of reflexivity for examining assumptions and power differentials, and the perceived importance of strengthening co-researcher capacity to shift power. At the meso level, participants emphasised the need to manage co-researcher expectations, create spaces for trusted dialogue, and consider the potential risks faced by empowered community partners. Participants were divided over whether gatekeeper engagement aided the research process or acted to exclude marginalised groups from participating. At the macro level, colonial and 'traditional' research legacies were acknowledged to have generated and maintained power inequities within research partnerships. CONCLUSIONS: The 'Social Ecology of Power' framework is a useful tool for engaging with power inequities that cut across the social ecology, highlighting how they can operate at the micro, meso and macro level. This study reiterates that power is pervasive, and that while many researchers are intentional about engaging with power, actions and available tools must be used more systematically to identify and address power imbalances in participatory research partnerships, in order to contribute to improved equity and social justice outcomes.

Distribución de Aedes aegypti y Aedes albopictus en Guatemala 2016 / Distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Guatemala 2016

Los recientes brotes de zika y chikungunya en Guatemala, y el continuo padecimiento de dengue, hacen necesario generar preguntas respecto a la presencia de los vectores de arbovirus, Aedes aegypti y A. albopictus, en este país. Los reportes publicados previamente, señalan la presencia de estos vectores en cuatro departamentos de Guatemala. El objetivo de este estudio fue actualizar los reportes de A. aegypti y A. albopictus en Guatemala para informar con datos robustos a las agencias de salud. Se utilizaron datos del Programa de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores del Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social, que contiene principalmente información sobre la presencia de estadios larvales de los vectores. Los sitios de colecta de los mosquitos fueron validados usando herramientas de Sistemas de Información Geográfica, generando mapas de distribución de ambas especies de vectores en todo el país. Los resultados incluyen la presencia de A. aegypti en 21 departamentos y A. albopictus en 11. Aedes aegypti fue reportado en zonas bajas con tolerancias a altas temperaturas (32.3-34.8°C), mientras A. albopictus se reportó en zonas con mayor precipitación y en mayores altitudes (2,301 m). Se concluye en un notable incremento en la distribución de estas dos especies en Guatemala, basados en los informes del primer trimestre 2016 del Programa de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores colectados en época seca. Se discuten la oportunidad de integrar a la academia con los programas actuales de vigilancia epidemiológica para abordar las necesidades de investigación de estos vectores a nivel nacional.

Recent outbreaks of zika and chikungunya in Guatemala, and the continued burden of dengue, make necessary to generate novel questions regarding the presence of arboviruses vectors, Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus, in this country. Reports published before this manuscript, indicated the presence of these vectors in four departments of Guatemala. The aim of this study was to update the reports of A. aegypti and A. albopictus in Guatemala to better inform health agencies. We used data from the Programa de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores, which mainly contains information about the presence of larval stages of vectors. Sites of mosquito collection were validated using geographic information systems tools, generating maps of both vector species' occurrence across the country. The results include A. aegypti presence in 21 departments and A. albopictus in 11. Aedes aegypti was reported in lowlands with high temperature tolerance, while A. albopictus was reported in drier zones and in higher altitudes (2,301 m). We conclude a notable increase in the distribution of these two species in Guatemala, based on the reports of the first quarter of 2016 of the Program of Vector-borne Diseases collected during the dry season. We discuss the opportunity to integrate the academy with epidemiological surveillance programs to address theresearch needs of these vectors at the national level