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1.
Rev Neurol ; 66(S01): S103-S107, 2018 Mar 01.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29516461

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders. Other neurodevelopmental disorders may appear as a comorbidity or mimicking ADHD itself. DEVELOPMENT: This study reviews the high prevalence of other neurodevelopmental disorders (specific learning difficulties, communication disorders, etc.) in patients with ADHD. Moreover, the possible differential diagnoses include the same neurodevelopmental disorders that can occur as a comorbidity. Based on the literature, the study evaluates the role of clinical evaluation and neuropsychology in distinguishing between comorbidity and mimicry. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical evaluation could be insufficient for the comorbid diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders. In these cases, a neuropsychological evaluation is generally required, since it can also offer alternative diagnostic hypotheses about the symptoms observed and may therefore be a valuable aid for the differential diagnosis.


TITLE: Neurodesarrollo y fenocopias del trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad: diagnostico diferencial.Introduccion. El trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad (TDAH) es uno de los trastornos del neurodesarrollo mas prevalentes. Otros trastornos del neurodesarrollo pueden aparecer de forma comorbida o mimetizar el propio TDAH. Desarrollo. Se revisa la elevada prevalencia de otros trastornos del neurodesarrollo (trastornos especificos del aprendizaje, trastornos de la comunicacion...) en los pacientes con TDAH. Por otro lado, entre los posibles diagnosticos diferenciales se situan los mismos trastornos del neurodesarrollo que pueden aparecer de forma comorbida. Se valorara, de acuerdo a la bibliografia, el papel de la valoracion clinica y la neuropsicologia en la distincion entre comorbilidad y mimetismo. Conclusiones. La valoracion clinica podria ser insuficiente para el diagnostico comorbido de los trastornos del neurodesarrollo. En estos casos, la valoracion neuropsicologica es generalmente necesaria; esta puede igualmente ofrecer hipotesis diagnosticas alternativas de la sintomatologia observada y, por tanto, ser util para el diagnostico diferencial.


Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Neurodevelopmental Disorders/diagnosis , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology , Comorbidity , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Neurodevelopmental Disorders/epidemiology , Neurologic Examination , Neuropsychological Tests , Phenotype , Prevalence , Symptom Assessment
2.
Rev Neurol ; 64(s01): S101-S104, 2017 Feb 24.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28256695

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Neurodevelopmental disorders cover a heterogeneous group of disorders such as intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders or specific learning difficulties, among others. The neurobiological and clinical variables seem to clearly justify the recent inclusion of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a neurodevelopmental disorder in the international classifications. DEVELOPMENT: Neurodevelopmental disorders are characterised by their dimensional nature and the distribution of the different symptoms in the population. These aspects are reviewed, specifically from the perspective of the clinical features and the neuropsychology of ADHD. The dimensional symptomatic nature of ADHD contrasts with the diagnostic criteria of this disorder according to different classifications or clinical guidelines. It also contrasts with the data collected by means of different complementary examinations (scales, tests, etc.). CONCLUSIONS: It is essential to understand the clinical continuum within each neurodevelopmental disorder (including ADHD), among the different neurodevelopmental disorders, and among the neurodevelopmental disorders and normality for their research, diagnosis and management. The development of instruments that provide support for this dimensional component is equally significant.


TITLE: Trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad: perspectiva desde el neurodesarrollo.Introduccion. Los trastornos del neurodesarrollo engloban a un grupo heterogeneo de trastornos como la discapacidad intelectual, el trastorno del espectro autista o los trastornos especificos del aprendizaje, entre otros. La reciente inclusion en las clasificaciones internacionales del trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad (TDAH) dentro de los trastornos del neurodesarrollo parece claramente justificada atendiendo a variables neurobiologicas y clinicas. Desarrollo. El caracter dimensional y la distribucion de diferentes sintomas en la poblacion caracterizan a la mayoria de los trastornos del neurodesarrollo. Se revisan estos aspectos, particularmente desde la sintomatologia y neuropsicologia en el TDAH. El caracter sintomatico dimensional del TDAH contrasta con los criterios diagnosticos de este trastorno de acuerdo a diferentes clasificaciones o guias clinicas. Contrasta igualmente con los datos recogidos a traves de diferentes exploraciones complementarias (escalas, tests...). Conclusiones. El entendimiento del continuo clinico dentro de cada trastorno del neurodesarrollo (incluido el TDAH), entre los diferentes trastornos del neurodesarrollo, y entre los trastornos del neurodesarrollo y la normalidad, es esencial para la investigacion, el diagnostico y el abordaje de todos ellos. El desarrollo de instrumentos que avalen este componente dimensional es igualmente trascendental.


Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity , Neurodevelopmental Disorders , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Child , Humans
3.
Rev Neurol ; 62 Suppl 1: S79-84, 2016.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26922963

ABSTRACT

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous, symptomatically complex disorder. Its cardinal symptom, the presence of dysexecutive problems, emotional dysregulation of many of them and its own comorbidity, among others, will condition its clinical expression and the dysfunction. Classifying ADHD as a 'disorder' calls for an accurate assessment of the terms 'dysfunction' or 'repercussion'. The progress made in the classification and quantification of the symptoms characterising ADHD should be applied to measuring and objectifying dysfunction. Considering dysfunction as a simple interference, however clear it may be, could lead to an overestimation of the diagnosis of this disorder. Just as its estimation is essential for a diagnosis, it is also necessary for the correct evaluation of the efficacy of the therapeutic interventions, especially in the medium and long term. Further studies are needed in this sense to appraise the efficacy of the treatments, whether pharmacological or not, in different domains (social relationship, learning, self-esteem, quality of life, accidents, etc.).


TITLE: Disfuncion en el trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad: evaluacion y respuesta al tratamiento.El trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad (TDAH) es un trastorno heterogeneo y complejo sintomaticamente. Su sintomatologia cardinal, la presencia de problemas disejecutivos, la desregulacion emocional de muchos de ellos y la propia comorbilidad, entre otros, condicionaran su expresion clinica y la disfuncion. La tipificacion del TDAH como 'trastorno' requiere una evaluacion precisa del termino 'disfuncion' o 'repercusion'. Los avances en la tipificacion y cuantificacion de la sintomatologia caracteristica del TDAH deberian trasladarse a la medicion y objetivacion de la disfuncion. La estimacion de la disfuncion como una simple interferencia, por clara que sea, podria llevar a una sobreestimacion del diagnostico de este trastorno. Del mismo modo que es ineludible su estimacion para el diagnostico, es igualmente necesaria para la correcta evaluacion de la eficacia de las intervenciones terapeuticas, especialmente a medio y largo plazo. Son necesarios estudios adicionales en este sentido para valorar la eficacia de los tratamientos, sean farmacologicos o no, en diferentes dominios (relacion social, aprendizaje, autoestima, calidad de vida, siniestralidad…).


Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/therapy , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/physiopathology , Child , Humans , Treatment Outcome
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