ABSTRACT
Graphene-based composite membranes, as laminated, stacked, and assembled architectures of graphene, have surpassed other conventional membranes with their advanced and preeminent structural specialization and potential use in a wide range of sustainable and environmental applications. The characteristic membrane features such as distinct laminar morphology, tailored physicochemical properties, as well as extraordinary molecular properties have fascinated scientists. Due to remarkable mechanical properties, these membranes can be easily fabricated. Recent progress has been achieved by graphene and its derivatives-based membranes to purify water and gases for environmental remediation. This review explained the latest and groundbreaking advances in chemical design, fabrication, and application of graphene-based membranes. Special attention is paid to the recent developments on graphene-based composites into membranes with various forms: free-standing, layered, and graphene-based nanocomposite membranes. Furthermore, a unique approach on environmental management with as-fabricated membranes is provided by discussing the effect of physicochemical properties. Consequently, their full-scale use for environmental management, water purification, gas purification, and biological treatments will pave the way for their promising features and realize their future prospects.
Subject(s)
Environmental Restoration and Remediation , Graphite , Conservation of Natural Resources , Ecotoxicology , Gases/analysis , Graphite/chemistry , WaterABSTRACT
Objetivo: Determinar el éxito terapéutico en los pacientes sometidos a Drenaje Percutáneo de colección abdominal guiados por ecografía. Material y Métodos: Durante el período comprendido entre mayo y diciembre, se realizaron 23 Drenajes Percutáneos de colecciones abdominales, previa valoración de las características y relaciones de la colección por ecografía y Tomografía en el Hospital Obrero N°1. Todos los pacientes fueron trasladados al servicio de radiología con sus expedientes clínicos, el Drenaje Percutáneo fue efectuado por un Médico Radiólogo, y controlado desde la instalación hasta el retiro. Se instalaron cavafix catéteres de 45 cm y granulas de 14G y 12G, bajo técnica de seldinger y anestesia local. El débito de los drenajes fue evaluado y retirados cuando su debito fue menor de 5 a 10 ml. Resultados: Como éxito del procedimiento se consideró a todo aquel paciente en el que revirtió la colección (82.6%) y como fracaso a todo aquel paciente en quien se tuvo que recurrir a cirugía para drenar la colección o en quien no se termino con el drenaje percutáneo por algún motivo (17.4%). Conclusión: El Drenaje Percutáneo guiado por ecografía, es eficaz en el manejo de colecciones abdominales, por lo cual su práctica debería de generalizarse.
Objective: To determine the therapeutic success in patients undergoing percutaneous drainage of abdominal collection guided by ultrasound. Methods: During the period between May and December, accounted for 23 percutaneous drainage of abdominal collections after assessing the characteristics and relationships of the collection by ultrasound and CT in the Hospital Obrero N° 1. All patients were taken to the radiology service to their medical records, percutaneous drainage was done by a Medical Radiologic, and monitored from installation to retirement. Cavafix catheters were installed 45 cm and granules of 14G and 12G, and Seldinger technique under local anesthesia. The debit of drainage was evaluated and removed when the debit was less than 5 to 10 ml. Results: As success of the procedure was considered to anyone patient who reversed the collection (82.6%) and a failure to anyone patient who had to resort to surgery to drain the collection or who did not finish with percutaneous drainage by some reason (17.4%). Conclusion: The ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage is effective in the management of abdominal collections, so your practice should be generalized.
