Evidence of sea level rise at the Peruvian coast (1942-2019).

The present work aims to analyze the variability of the sea level of the Peruvian coast with time series over a long observation period (Seventy-eight years, from 1942 to 2019). Data came from the Talara, Callao and Matarani tide gauge stations located at the north, center and south of the coast. Variations of sea level as well as air and seawater surface temperature were analyzed. Among the different scenarios studied, a sea level rise of 6.79, 4.21 and 5.16 mm/year for Talara, Callao and Matarani, respectively was found during the 1979-1997 nodal cycle. However, these results decreased significantly during the next cycle (1998-2016) until values of 1.53, 2.16 and 1.0 mm/year for Talara, Callao and Matarani, respectively. Thus, it has been demonstrated that sea level rise are highly dependent on the time interval chosen. Moreover, large interannual changes of up to 200 mm/year are observed, due to recurring phenomena, such as "El Niño". On the other hand, the trends obtained are slightly lower than those shown by the IPCC up until 2006 but significantly higher values have been observed. Finally, the results presented herein show the necessity of a local study of the sea level variability at the coastal areas.

Calcificación miocárdica de etiología multifactorial / Myocardial calcification with multifactorial etiology

En el presente trabajo se describe un caso de muerte súbita en una mujer de 70 años que fallece 20 días después de ser dada de alta tras ingreso por infección urinaria secundaria a litiasis renal complicada con shock séptico e insuficiencia renal y respiratoria. En el corazón se identificó una cardiopatía isquémica crónica y extensas áreas de miocardio calcificado. Además, se exponen los tipos de calcificaciones del miocardio existentes y sus causas; y se analizan aquellos factores que en el caso presentado han podido causar la calcificación del miocardio(AU)

In the present report, we describe a case of sudden death in a 70-year-old woman who died 20 days after been discharged after admission for urinary infection secondary to renal lithiasis complicated with septic shock and renal and respiratory failure. It has been identified chronic ischemic heart disease and extensive areas of calcified myocardium. Also, we review myocardial calfications subtypes and its causes, and we analyze the specifics of the presented case(AU)

Fortified Coiled Coils: Enhancing Mechanical Stability with Lactam or Metal Staples.

Coiled coils (CCs) are powerful supramolecular building blocks for biomimetic materials, increasingly used for their mechanical properties. Here, we introduce helix-inducing macrocyclic constraints, so-called staples, to tune thermodynamic and mechanical stability of CCs. We show that thermodynamic stabilization of CCs against helix uncoiling primarily depends on the number of staples, whereas staple positioning controls CC mechanical stability. Inserting a covalent lactam staple at one key force application point significantly increases the barrier to force-induced CC dissociation and reduces structural deformity. A reversible His-Ni2+ -His metal staple also increases CC stability, but ruptures upon mechanical loading to allow helix uncoiling. Staple type, position and number are key design parameters in using helical macrocyclic templates for fine-tuning CC properties in emerging biomaterials.

Structural determinants of coiled coil mechanics.

The natural abundance of coiled coil (CC) motifs in the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix suggests that CCs play a crucial role in the bidirectional mechanobiochemical signaling between cells and the matrix. Their functional importance and structural simplicity has allowed the development of numerous applications, such as protein-origami structures, drug delivery systems and biomaterials. With the goal of establishing CCs as nanomechanical building blocks, we investigated the importance of helix propensity and hydrophobic core packing on the mechanical stability of 4-heptad CC heterodimers. Using single-molecule force spectroscopy, we show that both parameters determine the force-induced dissociation in shear loading geometry; however, with different effects on the energy landscape. Decreasing the helix propensity lowers the transition barrier height, leading to a concomitant decrease in the distance to the transition state. In contrast, a less tightly packed hydrophobic core increases the distance to the transition state. We propose that this originates from a larger side chain dynamics, possible water intrusion at the interface as well as differences in solvation of the hydrophobic amino acids at the transition state. In conclusion, the different contributions of helix propensity and hydrophobic core packing need to be considered when tuning the mechanical properties of CCs for applications.

Goodness of fit testing in dynamic single-molecule force spectroscopy.

Dynamic single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) is a powerful method to characterize the mechanical stability of biomolecules. We address the problem that the standard manner of reporting the extracted energy landscape parameters does not reveal the intrinsic statistical errors associated with them. This problem becomes particularly relevant when SMFS is used to compare two or more different molecular systems. Here, we propose two methods that allow for a straightforward test of statistical significance. We illustrate the power of the methods by applying them to the experimental results obtained for three dimeric coiled coils of different lengths. Both methods are general and may be applied to any problem involving the fit of models with two correlated parameters.

Vaginal metastasis as the initial presentation of leiomyosarcoma: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Uterine leiomyosarcomas are very rare and highly aggressive tumors that have a high rate of recurrence and poor prognosis, even when early diagnosed. Due to their relative rarity, there is limited research on optimal management strategies. CASE PRESENTATION: A 60-year-old woman with a history of an asymptomatic uterine leiomyoma presented in October 2015 with postmenopausal bleeding and a friable vaginal cyst that bled when palpated. A partial cystectomy was performed, and malignant-like cystic and solid components were identified. Histopathology diagnosed an unclassifiable malignant epithelioid tumor. Subsequent imaging studies identified a malignant uterine tumor, a metabolically active vaginal lesion, and two benign leiomyomas. An anterior pelvic exenteration (colpectomy, hysterectomy, bilateral adnexectomy, total cystectomy, and cutaneous ureteroileostomy ad modum Bricker) were performed by laparotomy in March 2016. Examination of the surgical specimens identified a 75 × 75-mm leiomyoma, an 80 × 30-mm infiltrating mesenchymal uterine lesion with vascular invasion and tumor emboli, and a 60 × 30-mm perivascular vaginal tumor. Immunohistochemistry indicated a phenotypic transition from a uterine leiomyosarcoma to a vaginal epithelioid lesion; marker expression changed from the uterine tumor actin+/desmin+/caldesmon+/CD10- phenotype, through the tumor emboli, to an actin-/desmin-/caldesmon-/CD10+ phenotype in the vaginal lesion. A high-grade uterine mesenchymal tumor and vaginal metastasis were diagnosed. Adjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel, gemcitabine, and doxorubicin commenced in May 2016 and treatment has been well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Differentiating leiomyosarcoma from leiomyoma is challenging and few tools other than microscopic evaluation are available. Vaginal compromise in leiomyosarcoma usually results from tumor extension, not hematogenous metastasis. A vaginal metastasis is a very rare initial presentation. We have found only two cases like this described on published literature. The atypical clinical and histological presentation in our case complicated diagnosis and delayed treatment. An early diagnosis and complete surgical clearance gives the best chance of survival, and imaging tools should be applied early in instances of new suspicious malignant lesions.

Lesiones lipomatosas uterinas: presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Uterine fatty lesions: case report and a review of the literature

Las lesiones lipomatosas uterinas son una variante poco frecuente de los tumores mesenquimales benignos. Se dividen en lipomas puros y lesiones lipomatosas (difusas o focales) en el seno de un leiomioma. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 70 años con histerectomía simple tras el diagnóstico ecográfico de «mioma gigante». Macroscópicamente la lesión correspondía a una formación lipomatosa de 13,8cm de eje máximo e histológicamente estaba constituida por células adiposas maduras, sin septos, y con cambios atróficos y traumáticos, positivas para S100 y vimentina y negativas para MDM2 y CDK4 por inmunohistoquímica e hibridación fluorescente in situ. Focalmente se identificaban áreas de degeneración mixoide y no se observaba necrosis ni hemorragia. El estudio ultraestructural fue congruente con una proliferación celular con diferenciación adiposa (AU)

Uterine fatty lesions are a rare variant of benign mesenchymal tumours. They are divided into pure and lipomatous lesions (diffuse or focal) within a leiomyoma. We report the case of a 70 year old woman who underwent a simple hysterectomy after an ultrasound diagnosis of «giant leyomioma». Macroscopically the lesion corresponded to a lipomatous formation of 13.8cm maximum diametre. Histologically the lesion consisted of mature adipose cells without septa and traumatic and atrophic changes. There was focal myxoid degeneration, but necrosis and hemorrhage were not observed. The cells were S100 and vimentin positive on immunochemistry. MDM2 and CDK4 were negative by immunochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The ultrastructural study was consistent with a cell proliferation with adipose differentiation (AU)

Tumor fibroso solitario primario en tiroides: comunicación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Primary solitary fibrous tumour of the thyroid: a case report and review of the literature

El tumor fibroso solitario es una neoplasia mesenquimal de localización tiroidea muy poco usual. Comunicamos el caso de un varón de 42 años con resección del lóbulo tiroideo derecho tras un diagnóstico citológico de proliferación folicular. Macroscópicamente la lesión correspondía a un nódulo encapsulado de 2,5 cm de diámetro máximo. Histológicamente la lesión estaba constituida por una proliferación de células fusiformes que engloban y atrapan a los folículos tiroideos, positivas para vimentina, CD34 y BCL2. El estudio ultraestructural confirmó la naturaleza miofibroblástica de las células neoplásicas (AU)

The thyroid gland is an unusual location for solitary fibrous tumours. We report a case of a 42 year old male with a cytological diagnosis of follicular proliferation. Macroscopically the lesion corresponded to an encapsulated nodule of 2.5 cm. Histologically, it showed a proliferation of spindle cells encompassing thyroid follicles, positive for vimentin, CD34 and BCL2. The ultrastructural study confirmed the myofibroblastic nature of the proliferative cells (AU)