Preparation, Properties and Water Dissolution Behavior of Polyethylene Oxide Mats Prepared by Solution Blow Spinning.

The relationship between processing conditions, structure and morphology are key issues to understanding the final properties of materials. For instance, in the case of polymers to be used as scaffolds in tissue engineering, wound dressings and membranes, morphology tuning is essential to control mechanical and wettability behaviors. In this work, the relationship between the processing conditions of the solution blow spinning process (SBS) used to prepare nonwoven mats of polyethylene oxide (PEO), and the structure and morphology of the resulting materials are studied systematically, to account for the thermal and mechanical behaviors and dissolution in water. After finding the optimal SBS processing conditions (air pressure, feed rate, working distance and polymer concentration), the effect of the solvent composition has been considered. The structure and morphology of the blow spun fibers are studied as well as their thermal, mechanical behaviors and dissolution in water. We demonstrate that the morphology of the fibers (size and porosity) changes with the solvent composition, which is reflected in different thermal and mechanical responses and in the dissolution rates of the materials in water.

Preparation and Characterization of Polymer Composite Materials Based on PLA/TiO2 for Antibacterial Packaging.

Polymer composite materials based on polylactic acid (PLA) filled with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were prepared. The aim of this work was to investigate the antibacterial action of TiO2 against a strain of E. coli (DH5α) to obtain information on their potential uses in food and agro-alimentary industry. PLA/TiO2 systems were prepared by a two-step process: Solvent casting followed by a hot-pressing step. Characterization was done as a function of particle size (21 nm and <100 nm) and particle content (0%, 1%, 5%, 10%, and 20%, wt %). Structural characterization carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) did not reveal significant changes in polymer structure due to the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles. Thermal characterization indicated that thermal transitions, measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), did not vary, irrespective of size or content, whereas thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed a slight increase in the temperature of degradation with particle content. Bacterial growth and biofilm formation on the surface of the composites against DH5α Escherichia coli was studied. Results suggested that the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles decreases the amount of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and limits bacterial growth. The inhibition distances estimated with the Kirby-Bauer were doubled when 1% TiO2 nanoparticles were introduced in PLA, though no significant differences were obtained for higher contents in TiO2 NPs.

Bacteriemia primaria por Clostridium como forma de presentación de cáncer de ciego / Carcinoma of the cecum presenting as bacteraemia caused by Clostridium

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Evaluation of PSA testing by general practitioners: regional study in the autonomic Community of Valencia.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study is to compare the use of PSA testing among general practitioners (GPs). METHODS: The number of PSA tests ordered by general practitioners in the years 2008-2009 was examined in a cross-sectional study of nine health districts of Spain. The percentage of PSA ordered to men younger than 50 (PSA<50/PSAtotal) and 40 years (PSA<40/PSAtotal) was calculated. The percentage of men over 50 years who were attended was also calculated and this data was compared with the number of PSA ordered to this population. For two of the departments, these data were also compared between GPs and urologists. RESULTS: PSA testing in 2009 is higher than 2008 in seven health districts. PSA testing in men younger than 50 years was increased along the period of the study and in men younger than 40 years remained steady. The differences between the values of the indicators for urologists and GPs are significant. CONCLUSIONS: The number of PSA tests and the percentage performed to men younger 50 years has been increasing and the variability is high. These data are suggestive for interventions focused on PSA testing and prostate cancer screening in primary care settings.

Evaluación de la solicitud de antígeno prostático específico por atención primaria: estudio piloto regional en la comunidad valenciana / Evaluation of psa testing by general practitioners: regional study in the autonomic community of valencia

OBJETIVO: El objetivo del estudio es la valoración del patrón de solicitud de PSA por los médicos de Atención Primaria (AP).MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal de la solicitud de PSA por médicos de AP en nueve Departamentos de Salud. Se evaluó el número de solicitudes de PSA y el porcentaje de PSA solicitados a menores de 50 años (PSA<50/PSAtotal) y también a menores de 40 años respecto del total de PSA solicitados (PSA<40/PSAtotal).También se calculó el porcentaje de varones mayores de 50 años atendidos y se comparó con el número de PSA solicitados a esa población. Para dos de los Departamentos, también se compararon estos datos con los mismos para médicos especialistas en Urología.RESULTADOS: En siete de los Departamentos la demanda en 2009 es superior a la del año 2008. La demanda a varones menores de 40 años se mantiene estable y a varones menores de 50 años aumenta progresivamente a lo largo del periodo del estudio. Las diferencias entre los valores de los indicadores para urólogos y médicos de AP son significativas.CONCLUSIONES: El número de solicitudes de PSA y el porcentaje realizado a varones menores de 50 años ha ido incrementándose y la variabilidad en la solicitud es elevada, lo que indica la necesidad de establecer estrategias orientadas a la adecuación de la demanda mediante la comunicación entre profesionales(AU)

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study is to compare the use of PSA testing among general practitioners (GPs).METHODS: The number of PSA tests ordered by general practitioners in the years 2008-2009 was examined in a cross-sectional study of nine health districts of Spain. The percentage of PSA ordered to men younger than 50 (PSA<50/PSAtotal) and 40 years (PSA<40/PSAtotal) was calculated. The percentage of men over 50 years who were attended was also calculated and this data was compared with the number of PSA ordered to this population. For two of the departments, these data were also compared between GPs and urologists.RESULTS: PSA testing in 2009 is higher than 2008 in seven health districts. PSA testing in men younger than 50 years was increased along the period of the study and in men younger than 40 years remained steady. The differences between the values of the indicators for urologists and GPs are significant.CONCLUSIONS: The number of PSA tests and the percentage performed to men younger 50 years has been increasing and the variability is high. These data are suggestive for interventions focused on PSA testing and prostate cancer screening in primary care settings(AU)

Evaluación del patrón de solicitud de hemoglobina glucosilada por Atención Primaria: estudio piloto regional en la Comunidad Valenciana / An evaluation of glycosylated hemoglobin requesting patterns in a primary care setting: a pilot experience in the Valencian Community (Spain)

Objetivo Mostrar el patrón de solicitud de hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c) en ocho departamentos de salud mediante el cálculo de indicadores de adecuación de la demanda. Métodos Estudio transversal en el que se recogen el número de HbA1c solicitadas desde Atención Primaria durante los años 2008 y 2009. Como indicador de adecuación se calculó el porcentaje de valores de HbA1c con resultado inferior a 6,5%. Las variables y los indicadores se recogieron y calcularon de forma automatizada. También se calculó en cada departamento de salud el número de determinaciones de HbA1c teóricas que deberían haber sido solicitadas según datos de prevalencia conocida. Resultados se observó un incremento progresivo de la demanda de determinaciones de HbA1c y, aproximadamente el 54% de los valores de HbA1c en siete de estos ocho departamentos fueron inferiores a 6,5%. El número de HbA1c teóricas que deberían haber sido solicitadas según la prevalencia de diabetes fue mayor que el número solicitado en todos los departamentos. Conclusión Los resultados parecen indicar la inadecuación en la solicitud de la HbA1c en los departamentos de salud estudiados, no sólo por la probable sobreutilización en pacientes no diabéticos sino por la infrautilización en pacientes que sí lo son (AU)

Objective To assess the pattern of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) requests by clinicians from eight health departments by calculating indicators of demand appropriateness. Methods A cross-sectional study of the number of HbA1c requests by primary care clinics in 2008 and 2009. The indicator of demand appropriateness was the proportion of HbA1c values lower than 6.5%. Variables were collected and indicators were automatically calculated. The number of HbA1c measurements that should theoretically have been requested according to known diabetes prevalence data was also calculated. Results A progressive increase was seen in demand for HbA1c measurements. Approximately 54% of HbA1c values obtained in seven of the eight departments studied were lower than 6.5%. The number of theoretical HbA1c requests that would have been expected based on the known prevalence of diabetes was higher than the number of HbA1c requests in all departments. Conclusion The results appear to suggest that HbA1c requests by the health departments studied were not always appropriate. HbA1c measurements were probably overused in patients without diabetes and underused in patients with diabetes (AU)

[An evaluation of glycosylated hemoglobin requesting patterns in a primary care setting: a pilot experience in the Valencian Community (Spain)]. / Evaluación del patrón de solicitud de hemoglobina glucosilada por Atención Primaria: estudio piloto regional en la Comunidad Valenciana.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the pattern of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) requests by clinicians from eight health departments by calculating indicators of demand appropriateness. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of the number of HbA(1c) requests by primary care clinics in 2008 and 2009. The indicator of demand appropriateness was the proportion of HbA(1c) values lower than 6.5%. Variables were collected and indicators were automatically calculated. The number of HbA(1c) measurements that should theoretically have been requested according to known diabetes prevalence data was also calculated. RESULTS: A progressive increase was seen in demand for HbA(1c) measurements. Approximately 54% of HbA(1c) values obtained in seven of the eight departments studied were lower than 6.5%. The number of theoretical HbA(1c) requests that would have been expected based on the known prevalence of diabetes was higher than the number of HbA(1c) requests in all departments. CONCLUSION: The results appear to suggest that HbA(1c) requests by the health departments studied were not always appropriate. HbA(1c) measurements were probably overused in patients without diabetes and underused in patients with diabetes.