ABSTRACT
Neuropsychological alterations have been identified in populations heavily exposed to metals with neurotoxic potential, such as manganese (Mn). This study examined the associations between Mn environmental exposure in school-aged children and executive functions, using structural equation modeling. Children, aged between 7 and 12 years (N = 181), were recruited from four elementary schools located in a region that is under the influence of atmospheric emissions from a ferro-manganese alloy plant in the municipality of Simões Filho, Bahia, Brazil. The following cognitive functions were evaluated: Intelligence, Inhibitory Control, Cognitive Flexibility, Verbal and Design Fluency, Verbal and Visual Working Memory and Attention. We performed structural equation modeling to identify the following executive functions latent variables: working memory, inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility. We further analyzed the relations between executive functions and Mn measured in hair (MnH) and toenails (MnTn) with linear mixed models, after controlling for co-variables. A positive effect at the individual level on working memory, inhibition control and cognitive flexibility was observed with MnTn after controlling for co-variables, but no association was found with MnH levels. However, children attending school most environmentally exposed to Mn emissions, which had the highest rate of Mn dust deposition, had the poorest scores on working memory. These findings suggest both benefits and risk of Mn on children's cognitive development.
Subject(s)
Executive Function , Manganese , Child , Environmental Exposure/adverse effects , Environmental Exposure/analysis , Humans , Ions/analysis , Ions/pharmacology , Manganese/analysis , Manganese/toxicity , Memory, Short-Term , Multilevel AnalysisABSTRACT
Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an expanding global health problem, involving defective insulin secretion by pancreatic ß-cells and peripheral insulin resistance, leading to impaired glucose regulation. Galectin-1-an endogenous lectin with affinity for N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc)-containing glycans-has emerged as a regulator of inflammatory and metabolic disorders. However, the role of galectin-1 in glucose homeostasis and pancreatic ß-cell function, independently of hypercaloric diets, has not been explored. Here, we identified a phenotype compatible with T2DM, involving alterations in glucose metabolism and pancreatic insulin release, in female but not male mice lacking galectin-1 (Lgals1-/-). Compared with age-matched controls, Lgals1-/- female mice exhibited higher body weight and increased food intake ad libitum as well as after fasting and acute re-feeding. Although fasted serum insulin levels and insulin sensitivity were similar in both genotypes, Lgals1-/- female mice presented altered glucose tolerance and higher basal glucose levels depending on the fasting period. Insulin response to glucose overload was impaired, while pancreatic insulin content was enhanced in the absence of galectin-1. Accordingly, recombinant galectin-1 enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin release in vitro. Our study identifies a role for galectin-1 in regulating glucose metabolism through modulation of pancreatic insulin secretion, highlighting novel opportunities to control T2DM.
Subject(s)
Insulin Resistance , Insulin , Animals , Female , Galectin 1/genetics , Galectin 1/metabolism , Glucose/metabolism , Homeostasis , Insulin/metabolism , Insulin Secretion , Male , MiceABSTRACT
The southern king crab (SKC) Lithodes santolla is an important commercial species in southern South America. Fishing pressure has caused the deterioration of its stocks. Currently, culture techniques are being developed for producing SKC juveniles to enhance the natural population and to recover the fishing stock. Therefore, it is necessary to know about physiology, energetic and nutritional requirements for SKC maintenance in hatchery. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the biochemical and physiological changes in the midgut gland, muscle and hemolymph of juveniles, pre-adults and adults of wild SKC. The energetic reserves, digestive enzymes activity, amino acid profile and energy were quantified in twelve juveniles, ten pre-adult, and ten adult crabs. Juveniles showed high glycogen and low lipids in the midgut gland, and low proteins and low lactate in muscle. In the hemolymph, juveniles had high lipids. Pre-adults had high glycogen and lipids in the midgut gland, and both high protein and lactate in muscle. In the hemolymph, pre-adults had high lipids. Adults had low glycogen and high lipids in midgut gland, and both high proteins and high lactate in muscle. In hemolymph, adults had high glucose and lactate. Juveniles and pre-adults had high proteinase activity, whereas adults had high lipase activity. Major essential amino acids of SKC were arginine, methionine, and tryptophan, and the non-essential amino acids were glycine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid. On another hand, SKC had similar energy in the midgut gland and muscle, regardless of the ontogenetic stage. Moreover, we demonstrated that the biochemical energy calculation underestimates the actual measured values by a calorimeter. Thus, our results help to understand the physiological changes, energetic and nutritional requirements of L. santolla, and this study is a baseline for research on diet formulation for maintaining this species under culture conditions.
Subject(s)
Anomura/physiology , Aquaculture/methods , Arthropod Proteins/genetics , Optogenetics/methods , Amino Acids/analysis , Animal Feed , Animals , Anomura/cytology , Anomura/growth & development , Diet , Energy Metabolism , Female , Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental , Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic , Hemolymph , Male , Muscles/chemistrySubject(s)
Humans , Traumatology/methods , Orthopedics/methods , Orthopedic Procedures/methods , Orthotic DevicesABSTRACT
Subsidence of femoral hip prostheses with a rough surface has been associated with osteolysis and loosening. However, recent evidence has suggested that smooth-finish tapered stems may not incur these problems. An experimental monobloc satin finish, tapered femoral component was designed to subside within the cement. There were 49 femoral components implanted, and patients averaged a 1.8-mm subsidence at the prosthesis-cement interface with a follow-up of 6.76 years. There were no failures attributable to aseptic loosening at the cement-bone interface. This study supports the use of a satin finish, tapered femoral component in cemented total hip arthroplasty.
Subject(s)
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/instrumentation , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/methods , Cementation/methods , Equipment Failure Analysis , Hip Joint/diagnostic imaging , Hip Joint/surgery , Hip Prosthesis , Joint Instability/diagnostic imaging , Joint Instability/surgery , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prosthesis Design , Prosthesis Implantation/methods , Radiography , Recovery of Function , Surface Properties , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Se presenta una paciente de 73 años de edad con diagnóstico de articulación de Charcot en el hombro y el codo del miembro superior izquierdo. Se exponen los resultados de los exámenes complementarios y el tratamiento impuesto
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Arthropathy, Neurogenic/surgery , Arthropathy, Neurogenic/diagnosis , Elbow , Orthopedic Procedures/methods , Shoulder , SyringomyeliaABSTRACT
Se presenta una paciente de 73 años de edad con diagnóstico de articulación de Charcot en el hombro y el codo del miembro superior izquierdo. Se exponen los resultados de los exámenes complementarios y el tratamiento impuesto(AU)
Subject(s)
INFORME DE CASO , Humans , Female , Aged , Arthropathy, Neurogenic/diagnosis , Arthropathy, Neurogenic/surgery , Elbow/injuries , Shoulder/injuries , Orthopedic Procedures/methods , SyringomyeliaABSTRACT
Se presenta 1 paciente pediátrico que después de ser sometido a múltiples cateterismos femorales, presentó dolor en la cadera derecha, siendo tratado inicialmente -en otro centro asistencial- como una sinovitis de la cadera. Se muestran los estudios realizados en el CCOI "Frank País" que permitieron llegar al diagnóstico de un hundimiento metafisario traumático de la cadera derecha
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Epiphyses , Femoral Artery , Hip , HyperostosisABSTRACT
Se presenta un paciente con un quiste óseo aneurismático en la rótula, lo que constituye una localización muy atípica. Se expone la sintomatología clínica, así como la novedosa combinación de la biopsia ósea y la artroscopia para evaluar mejor la articulación y el tratamiento practicado, que consistió en la patelectomía con la técnica de Boyd(AU)
Subject(s)
Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal , Patella , Arthroscopy/methods , KneeABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio de los resultados obtenidos en 225 pacientes con fracturas de la cadera tratados con una técnica original y el fijador externo RALCA®. Este se acopla a un clavo roscado cervical que permite realizar compresión a nivel del foco de fractura de forma dosificada y mantenida. Se trata de una técnica poco invasiva, pero que garantiza una gran estabilidad mecánica sobre la fractura y permite una movilización precoz del paciente, al reducir al mínimo las complicaciones generales y locales. Los resultados obtenidos son superiores a los reportados en la literatura con otras técnicas convencionales(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , External Fixators , Hip Fractures/therapyABSTRACT
Se presenta uno de los pacientes tratados con la técnica de la transportación lateral del peroné, como solución a grandes defectos diafisarios de la tibia. Se muestran las bondades del Sistema de Fijación Externa RALCA(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Tibial Fractures/surgery , External Fixators , Fibula/surgeryABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio de los resultados obtenidos en 30 pacientes con hallux valgus bilateral, que fueron tratados con una novedosa técnica quirúrgica original, en la que se empleó el minifijador externo del profesor Alvarez Cambras (RALCA) y un calzado rehabilitador que permite una deambulación precoz. Las complicaciones fueron mínimas, el índice de recidivas fue bajo y los resultados sumamente alentadores
Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , External Fixators , Hallux Valgus/rehabilitation , Hallux Valgus/surgery , Early Ambulation , Surgical Procedures, OperativeABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio de los resultados obtenidos en 30 pacientes con hallux valgus bilateral, que fueron tratados con una novedosa técnica quirúrgica original, en la que se empleó el minifijador externo del profesor Alvarez Cambras (RALCA) y un calzado rehabilitador que permite una deambulación precoz. Las complicaciones fueron mínimas, el índice de recidivas fue bajo y los resultados sumamente alentadores (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Hallux Valgus/surgery , Hallux Valgus/rehabilitation , External Fixators , Early AmbulationABSTRACT
Se hace un estudio de los pacientes intervenidos quirúrgivamente con la técnica de turco en el Hospital para niños lisiados de Bagdad entre agosto de 1988 y febrero de 1989. Los 104 pacientes intervenidos presentan pie varo equino recidivante y los resultados obtenidos han sido alentadores. se arriba a importantes conclusiones y recomendaciones
Subject(s)
Humans , Clubfoot/surgeryABSTRACT
Se hace un estudio de los pacientes intervenidos quirúrgivamente con la técnica de turco en el Hospital para niños lisiados de Bagdad entre agosto de 1988 y febrero de 1989. Los 104 pacientes intervenidos presentan pie varo equino recidivante y los resultados obtenidos han sido alentadores. se arriba a importantes conclusiones y recomendaciones
Subject(s)
Humans , Talipes/surgeryABSTRACT
Se estudiaron 19 casos operados mediante la técnica de la transportación ósea en la tibia, entre enero de 1982 y diciembre de 1985, en el Hospital Ortopédico Docente "Frank País". Se utilizó nuestro fijador externo modelo RALCA. Se analizó el comportamiento de diversas variables y su influencia en los resultados. Estos fueron satisfactorios en un alto porcentaje de pacientes, si se tienen en cuenta la gravedad de la afección y el largo tiempo de evolución preoperatoria
