ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Los tumores sólidos infantiles representan aproximadamente el 30% de todos los cánceres pediátricos. En los últimos años se ha incrementado el uso de la citometría de flujo (CF) en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de estas patologías, ya que es un método que permite obtener resultados rápidos y precisos, posibilitando un manejo más precoz. Realizamos esta revisión sistemática para la búsqueda bibliográfica de los siguientes términos en las plataformas de datos Lilacs, PubMed y Scielo: neoplasma, oncología, pediatría, inmunofenotipificación y citometría de flujo. Así, describimos los principales hallazgos hasta la fecha sobre el uso de CF en el diagnóstico diferencial de los cinco principales tumores de células pequeñas, redondas y azules de la infancia: neuroblastoma, sarcoma de Ewing, tumor neuroectodérmico primitivo, tumor de Wilms y rabdomiosarcoma. Además, describimos las principales ventajas y desventajas del método y paneles que se proponen en el diagnóstico diferencial de estas patologías a través de la literatura internacional. A través de esta revisión, observamos que el uso de CF en el diagnóstico de tumores sólidos puede ser útil para la identificación rápida y precisa de la efermedade, así como para el inicio más temprano del tratamiento.
ABSTRACT
A Brazilian sample of 58 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia has been prospectively followed up with the objective of evaluating evolution of disease. Age ranged from 6 months to 16 years. Of the 58 patients, 11 were positive and 47 were negative for the ETV6/RUNX1 fusion (previously known as TEL/AML1). After a minimum follow-up period of 57 months, 2 of the ETV6/RUNX1(+) patients had died and 11 of the ETV6/RUNX1(-), for an overall survival of 77.6%. Among the 11 ETV6/RUNX1(+) patients (age range, 2 years to 13 years 7 months), all achieved a complete remission; the average overall survival was 64.2 months and the average event-free survival was 61.7 months. Among the 47 ETV6/RUNX1(-) patients, 4 did not have a complete remission; the average overall survival was of 60.8 months and the average event-free survival was 57.2 months. No significant difference was observed between overall survival and event-free survival, nor in any of the other data comparatively analyzed. The patients had a cure rate similar to that described in literature. In this small sample population, the presence of the ETV6/RUNX1 fusion did not identify statistical difference in prognosis.
Subject(s)
Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics , Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/diagnosis , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets/genetics , Repressor Proteins/genetics , Brazil , Child, Preschool , Disease-Free Survival , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Immunophenotyping , Karyotyping , Male , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , Remission Induction , Survival Analysis , Time Factors , ETS Translocation Variant 6 ProteinABSTRACT
Infective endocarditis (IE) is rare in children but is associated with substantial morbidity/mortality. Medical records of 161 new patients admitted to the Pediatric Oncology Unit in a 2 years period were reviewed to identify patients with a diagnosis of IE following the Duke criteria. Nine patients developed IE; their ages ranged from 2.4 to 11.3 years. The patients received treatment according to the results of blood cultures. TIPs are associated with a high rate of IE. The diagnosis of IE should be considered in children with cancer who have major/minor criteria as defined by the Duke criteria.
Subject(s)
Endocarditis/epidemiology , Neoplasms/complications , Brazil/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Endocarditis/diagnosis , Endocarditis/drug therapy , Female , Humans , Immunocompromised Host , Male , Neoplasms/therapy , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Este estudo foi realizado em 1988 para avaliar a prevalência de fumantes, o grau de conscientizaçäo de fumantes e ex-fumantes e o papel dos profissionais da saúde no combate ao tabagismo em Porto Alegre. Após amostragem, foram entrevistadas 407 pessoas de 15 a 64 anos. Destas, 170 (41,8%) fumavam. Entre ex-fumantes, 85,7% pararam de fumar por estarem conscientes da toxicidade do cigarro. Apenas 16,9% dos fumante e ex-fumantes foram alertados sobre os malefícios do cigarro por profissionais da saúde antes de terem começado a fumar. Após terem começado, somente 51,5% deles foram alertados. Estes índices säo alarmantes, pois acreditamos ser a prevençäo a melhor forma de combater ao tabagismo