Heart transplantation in a low-organ-donation environment: a single center experience.

OBJECTIVE: Heart transplantation is the "gold standard" for treating patients in end-stage heart failure who satisfy strict selection criteria. However, infrequent transplant performance, eg, less than nine per year, may be associated with suboptimal results. METHODS: We reviewed our 13-year clinical experience (1996-2008) with 73 orthotopic heart transplants performed under strict selection criteria and followed closely thereafter at the only accredited center in Greece, a country with an annual rate of only seven donors per million population. RESULTS: Low perioperative (5.47%) and long-term (7.5%) mortality rates were responsible for a 94% survival rate in the first year, 92% at five years, and 70% at ten years-similar to those reported worldwide-along with excellent functional recovery. CONCLUSION: Strict recipient and donor selection criteria, combined with a rigorous multidisciplinary follow-up, yield excellent results despite the existing shortage of available grafts.

p53 Overexpression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and dysplasia.

Aim-To investigate the expression of p53 protein in invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the larynx and dysplasia in relation to histological grade and tobacco smoking.Method-Paraffin wax embedded tissue sections from 41 cases of invasive SCC of the larynx, 28 cases of dysplasia and 14 control laryngeal biopsy specimens were studied immunohistochemically using two anti-p53 monoclonal antibodies (DO7 and 1801). The Streptavidin/horseradish peroxidase method was used after microwave antigen retrieval and a semiquantitative method was applied to assess the extent of p53 expression.Results-Of the cases of invasive SCC of the larynx, 78% (32/41), regardless of histological grade, overexpressed p53 compared with only 30% (eight of 28) of cases of mild dysplasia. A gradual increase in p53 expression from mild to severe dysplasia (60%) was observed, and only three of 14 control biopsy specimens of laryngeal nodules showed occasional weakly positive basal cells.Conclusion-The gradual increase in p53 expression from mild to severe dysplasia to invasive SCC indicates that p53 overexpression is an early event in laryngeal carcinogenesis which may lead to invasive malignancy. p53 overexpression may be related to environmental factors as most of the patients smoked tobacco. Microwave postfixation may be essential for the reliable detection of p53.

Pedicled pericardial fat pad: a useful hemostatic supplement.

Control of bleeding in areas difficult to suture because of tissue friability, edema, or calcification poses a serious problem in cardiac surgery patients. We report the use of a pedicled pericardial fat pad as an adjunct to the control of bleeding in these difficult-to-suture areas. This technique was used in 9 patients who were bleeding from different areas (the atria, coronary sinus, aorta, and myocardium), and the bleeding was completely and easily controlled. We consider the pedicled pericardial fat pad to be a useful supplement when suturing alone cannot effectively bring the bleeding under control.