ABSTRACT
The increasing incidence of skin cancer (SC) is a global health concern. The commonly reported side effects and resistance mechanisms have imposed the pursuit for new therapeutic alternatives. Moreover, additional preventive strategies should be adopted to strengthen prevention and reduce the rising number of newly SC cases. This review provides relevant insights on the role of p53 tumour suppressor protein in melanoma and non-melanoma skin carcinogenesis, also highlighting the therapeutic potential of p53-targeting drugs against SC. In fact, several evidences are provided demonstrating the encouraging outcomes achieved with p53-activating drugs, alone and in combination with currently available therapies in SC. Another pertinent perspective falls on targeting p53 mutations, as molecular signatures in premature phases of photocarcinogenesis, in future SC preventive approaches. Overall, this review affords a critical and timely discussion of relevant issues related to SC prevention and therapy. Importantly, it paves the way to future studies that may boost the clinical translation of p53-activating agents, making them new effective alternatives in precision medicine of SC therapy and prevention.
Subject(s)
Melanoma/metabolism , Skin Neoplasms/metabolism , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects , Humans , Melanoma/drug therapy , Melanoma/genetics , Molecular Targeted Therapy , Mutation , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy , Skin Neoplasms/genetics , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/antagonists & inhibitors , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/geneticsABSTRACT
A agenesia de vesicula biliar e do ducto cistico e uma malformacao pouco frequente, devida a uma anomalia do desenvolvimento da porcao caudal presente no embriao de 3 mm: apenas 181 casos em 1.352.000 necropsias.Em grande numero de casos ela e asintomatica, mas os casos que vao a cirurgia sao levados por sintomas que simulam colecistite ou colelitiase, o que ocorre com maior frequencia no sexo feminino (2:1) e entre os 40 e 50 anos. O caso apresentado preenche todos os criterios adotados para uma comprovacao transoperatoria de tal raridade, e ainda foi seguida no pos-operatorio de ecografia hepatica, recurso indispensavel para excluir existencia de vesicula biliar intra-hepatica (por si tambem pouco frequente). Relata-se na literatura a existencia de outras malformacoes congenitas associadas, sendo que a paciente aqui descrita tinha uma anomalia da veia porta
