Intraoral atypical lentiginous melanocytic lesion in a pediatric patient.

We present a rare case of intraoral atypical lentiginous melanocytic lesion affecting a pediatric patient, in which the diagnosis of lentiginous junctional melanocytic nevus with cytologic atypia was favored. The main differential diagnosis is lentiginous melanoma, which is a slowly progressing lesion, affecting mainly older adults, and microscopically presenting lentiginous growth pattern of moderately atypical melanocytes, with focal nesting and pagetoid spread. It is strongly recommended that melanocytic lesions showing features of atypical lentiginous growth pattern should be treated with wide excision; however, the impact of these guidelines on pediatric patients needs to be better defined with the report of further cases.

Protective efficacy of Psidium cattleianum and Myracrodruon urundeuva aqueous extracts against caries development in rats.

This study evaluated the influence of Psidium cattleianum Sabine (Myrtaceae) and Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (Anacardiaceae) aqueous extracts on S. mutans counts and dental enamel micro-hardness of rats submitted to a cariogenic challenge. Sixty Wistar rats were distributed in three groups and received water (control) or aqueous extracts of Psidium cattleianum or Myracrodruon urundeuva as hydration solution. Initially the animals had their sublingual and submandibular salivary glands surgically removed and the parotid ducts ligated. Then the rats were inoculated with 10(6) CFU of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 35668 and were fed with a cariogenic diet. To detect and quantify the presence of S. mutans, oral biofilms were sampled and microbial DNA was extracted and submitted to amplification by means of real-time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). After seven weeks the animals were sacrificed and enamel demineralization was analyzed by cross-sectional micro-hardness. Both extracts produced a significant reduction on S. mutans counts and decreased the enamel demineralization. It can be concluded that the extracts tested had a significant effect on S. mutans in oral biofilm of the rats, decreasing S. mutans accumulation and enamel demineralization.