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1.
Ann Thorac Surg ; 104(2): 577-583, 2017 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28347533

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Coronary allograft vasculopathy is an inflammatory-proliferative process that compromises the long-term success of heart transplantation and currently has no effective prevention and treatment. Lipid nanoparticles, termed LDE can carry chemotherapeutic agents in the circulation and concentrates them in the heart. METHODS: Twenty-eight rabbits fed a cholesterol-rich diet and submitted to heterotopic heart transplantation were treated with cyclosporine A (10 mg/kg daily) and allocated to four groups of 7 animals treated with intravenous LDE-methotrexate (MTX; 4 mg/kg weekly), with LDE-paclitaxel (PACLI; 4 mg/kg weekly), or with LDE-PACLI (4 mg/kg weekly) and LDE-MTX (4 mg/kg weekly). A control group was treated with only weekly intravenous saline solution. Animals were euthanized 6 weeks later for morphometric, histologic, immunohistochemical, and gene expression analysis of the graft and native hearts. RESULTS: Compared with controls, grafts of rabbits treated with LDE-PACLI showed 50% reduction of coronary stenosis, and in the LDE-MTX and LDE-MTX/PACLI stenosis was approximately 18% less than in control, but this difference was not statistically significant. In the three treatment groups, macrophage infiltration was decreased. In the LDE-MTX group, gene expression of proinflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, interleukin 18, vascular cellular adhesion molecule 1, and matrix metalloproteinase 12 was strongly diminished, whereas expression of antiinflammatory interleukin 10 increased. In the LDE-PACLI and LDE-PACLI/MTX groups, proinflammatory and antiinflammatory gene expressions were not consistently changed by the treatments. CONCLUSIONS: LDE-PACLI promoted strong improvement of cardiac allograft vasculopathy, but the decrease in coronary stenosis by LDE-MTX and LDE-MTX/PACLI was not significant. All three treatments decreased macrophage infiltration in the graft. These results may encourage future clinical trials to test this new therapeutic approach to coronary allograft vasculopathy.


Subject(s)
Coronary Artery Disease/drug therapy , Drug Carriers , Graft Rejection/prevention & control , Heart Transplantation/adverse effects , Methotrexate/pharmacokinetics , Nanoparticles/administration & dosage , Paclitaxel/pharmacokinetics , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacokinetics , Coronary Artery Disease/etiology , Cytokines/biosynthesis , Cytokines/genetics , Disease Models, Animal , Gene Expression Regulation , Graft Rejection/genetics , Graft Rejection/metabolism , Graft Survival/drug effects , Immunohistochemistry , Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage , Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacokinetics , Injections, Intravenous , Methotrexate/administration & dosage , Myocardium/metabolism , Paclitaxel/administration & dosage , RNA/genetics , Rabbits , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
2.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg ; 141(6): 1522-8, 2011 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21458008

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: In previous studies cholesterol-rich nanoemulsions (LDE) resembling low-density lipoprotein were shown to concentrate in atherosclerotic lesions of rabbits. Lesions were pronouncedly reduced by treatment with paclitaxel associated with LDE. This study aimed to test the hypothesis of whether LDE-paclitaxel is able to concentrate in grafted hearts of rabbits and to ameliorate coronary allograft vasculopathy after the transplantation procedure. METHODS: Twenty-one New Zealand rabbits fed 0.5% cholesterol were submitted to heterotopic heart transplantation at the cervical position. All rabbits undergoing transplantation were treated with cyclosporin A (10 mg · kg(-1) · d(-1) by mouth). Eleven rabbits were treated with LDE-paclitaxel (4 mg/kg body weight paclitaxel per week administered intravenously for 6 weeks), and 10 control rabbits were treated with 3 mL/wk intravenous saline. Four control animals were injected with LDE labeled with [(14)C]-cholesteryl oleate ether to determine tissue uptake. RESULTS: Radioactive LDE uptake by grafts was 4-fold that of native hearts. In both groups the coronary arteries of native hearts showed no stenosis, but treatment with LDE-paclitaxel reduced the degree of stenosis in grafted hearts by 50%. The arterial luminal area in grafts of the treated group was 3-fold larger than in control animals. LDE-paclitaxel treatment resulted in a 7-fold reduction of macrophage infiltration. In grafted hearts LDE-paclitaxel treatment reduced the width of the intimal layer and inhibited the destruction of the medial layer. No toxicity was observed in rabbits receiving LDE-paclitaxel treatment. CONCLUSIONS: LDE-paclitaxel improved posttransplantation injury to the grafted heart. The novel therapeutic approach for heart transplantation management validated here is thus a promising strategy to be explored in future clinical studies.


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Agents/administration & dosage , Coronary Stenosis/prevention & control , Drug Carriers , Emulsions , Heart Transplantation/adverse effects , Nanoparticles , Paclitaxel/administration & dosage , Paclitaxel/chemistry , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Cardiovascular Agents/chemistry , Coronary Stenosis/blood , Coronary Stenosis/etiology , Coronary Stenosis/pathology , Graft Rejection/etiology , Graft Rejection/pathology , Graft Rejection/prevention & control , Graft Survival/drug effects , Lipids/blood , Macrophages/drug effects , Macrophages/pathology , Male , Myocardium/pathology , Rabbits , Severity of Illness Index , Time Factors
3.
Heart Surg Forum ; 13(3): E168-71, 2010 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20534418

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of tricuspid valve insufficiency after orthotopic cardiac transplantation with bicaval anastomosis and prophylactic donor heart annuloplasty. METHODS: At present, our cardiac transplantation experience includes 478 cases. After January 2002, we included 30 consecutive patients in this study who had undergone orthotopic cardiac transplantation and survived >6 months. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group I, 15 patients who underwent transplantation with prophylactic tricuspid annuloplasty on the donor heart with the De Vega technique; and group II, 15 patients who underwent transplantation without this procedure. Their preoperative clinical characteristics were the same. During the late postoperative follow-up, the degree of tricuspid insufficiency was evaluated by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography and assessed according to the Simpson scale: 0, absent; 1, mild; 2, moderate; and 3, severe. Hemodynamic parameters were evaluated invasively by means of a Swan-Ganz catheter during routine endomyocardial biopsies. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 26.9 +/- 5.4 months (range, 12-36 months). In group I, 1 patient (6.6%) died from infection in the 18th month after the operation; the death was not related to the annuloplasty. In group II, 1 death (6.6%) occurred after 10 months because of rejection (P > .05). After the 24-month follow-up, the mean degree of tricuspid insufficiency was 0.4 +/- 0.5 in group I and 1.7 +/- 0.9 in group II (P < .05). Similarly, the 2 groups were significantly different with respect to the right atrium pressure, which was higher in group II. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic tricuspid annuloplasty on the donor heart was able to reduce significantly the degree of valvular insufficiency, even in cardiac transplantation with bicaval anastomosis; however, it did not modify significantly the hemodynamic performance of the allograft during the investigation period. It is very important to extend the observation period and casuistics to verify other benefits that this technique may offer.


Subject(s)
Heart Transplantation/adverse effects , Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency/surgery , Tricuspid Valve/surgery , Adolescent , Adult , Anastomosis, Surgical/methods , Brazil , Echocardiography , Female , Hemodynamics , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Time Factors , Tricuspid Valve/pathology , Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency/diagnostic imaging , Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency/mortality , Young Adult
4.
Ann Thorac Surg ; 80(1): 330-1, 2005 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15975399

ABSTRACT

We present the case of an asymptomatic 31-year-old man with perimembranous ventricular septal defect and aortic insufficiency due to a prolapsed right cusp. The ventricular septal defect was corrected with the rotation of the right cusp, and the Ross procedure was performed for the aortic insufficiency. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course. At immediate and first year follow-up examinations he presented with trivial aortic insufficiency and no residual ventricular septal defect. The patient remains asymptomatic with no medication.


Subject(s)
Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/surgery , Heart Valve Diseases/surgery , Adult , Aortic Valve Insufficiency/surgery , Humans , Male
5.
Shock ; 20(5): 427-30, 2003 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14560106

ABSTRACT

Hypertonic saline dextran (7.5% NaCl + 6% Dextran-70) has been used in adults in several studies and shown beneficial effects in hypovolemic shock, trauma, cardiogenic shock, and cardiac surgery. There have never been studies of this solution in children. This work studies its effect in children undergoing surgery for the correction of atrial septal defects. Twenty-five children underwent correction of atrial septal defect using cardiopulmonary bypass with bloodless priming. Children were divided in five groups and each received an incremental hypertonic saline dextran dose of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mL/kg, 5 min before the beginning of cardiopulmonary bypass. Collected data were fluid balance, amount of bleeding, blood/derivative transfusion occurrence, plasma sodium, and hematocrit. Patients were divided into low-dose (0-1 mL/kg) and high-dose (2-4 mL/kg) groups. Analysis of variance was used to determine differences in blood loss between groups. The fluid balance and blood/derivative requirements were compared through Student's t test and Fisher's exact test (2-tail), respectively. All patients were discharged from hospital with corrected atrial septal defect. No hypertonic saline dextran-related complications occurred. There were no differences in the amount of bleeding. The high-dose group exhibited a significant decrease in fluid balance and in blood/derivative requirements in comparison with the low-dose group. In this study, the use of hypertonic saline dextran in the pediatric population submitted to cardiopulmonary bypass is safe and does not raise the amount of bleeding. Its effective doses produce negative fluid balance and reduce blood/derivative requirements.


Subject(s)
Dextrans/pharmacology , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/surgery , Sodium Chloride/pharmacology , Blood Loss, Surgical , Blood Transfusion , Child , Child, Preschool , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Dextrans/administration & dosage , Dextrans/therapeutic use , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Hematocrit , Humans , Male , Postoperative Hemorrhage , Sodium/blood , Sodium Chloride/administration & dosage , Sodium Chloride/therapeutic use , Treatment Outcome , Water-Electrolyte Balance/drug effects
6.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 16(1): 35-48, jan.-mar. 2001. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-289379

ABSTRACT

Dois modelos de dispositivos ajustáveis foram implantados em cabritos jovens, com o objetivo de avaliar suas capacidades de bandagem do tronco pulmonar (TP) e eficiência no treinamento do ventrículo subpulmonar. Foram utilizados 3 grupos de 7 animais, submetidos ao implante de cateter baläo (grupo I), implante de dispositivo de bandagem externa (grupo II) e para obtençäo dos pesos dos ventrículos direito (VD), esquerdo (VE) e septo interventricular em condiçöes normais (grupo controle). Os animais foram submetidos a ajustes progressivos dos dispositivos, a cada 24 horas, durante um período de 96 horas, avaliados através de monitorizaçäo hemodinâmica e ecocardiograma seriado. A hipertrofia ventricular foi avaliada através de parâmetros morfológicos e de microscopia óptica. Todos os animais concluíram o período de treinamento proposto. O gradiente VD-TP, a razäo VD/VE e a pressäo sistólica do VD foram significativamente maiores no grupo II (p<0,05). Observou-se aumento significativo da espessura da parede do VD, ao ecocardiograma, nos grupos I e II ao longo dos momentos avaliados, näo havendo diferença significativa entre eles. O peso indexado e o peso seco do VD foi significativamente maior nos grupos I e II que no grupo controle (p<0,05), näo havendo diferença significativa entre os grupos I e II (p>0,05). O perímetro e a área dos miócitos mostraram um aumento significativo no final do treinamento, comparados à amostra retirada no momento do implante dos dispositivos. Observamos maior grau de estenose do TP com dispositivo de bandagem externa, porém ambos tiveram a capacidade e a eficiência de preparar o ventrículo subpulmonar


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/etiology , Pulmonary Artery/surgery , Heart Ventricles/surgery , Goats , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/surgery , Ventricular Outflow Obstruction , Heart Ventricles/physiology
7.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 14(4): 298-302, out.-dez. 1999.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-254843

ABSTRACT

O grande atrativo da Operação de Senning como descrita originalmente é a utilização das paredes do próprio átrio do paciente para a realização dos túneis venosos. A atrioseptostomia por balão, utilizada atualmente na grande maioria dos casos de transposição das grandes artérias (TGA), cria grandes comunicações interatriais. Com isso, é necessário a utilização de enxertos biológicos ou sintéticos (Dacron, Teflon e pericárdio bovino) na septação do átrio esquerdo. Doze crianças consecutivas, com idades de 5 meses a 4 anos (média = 20 meses), foram submetidas à Operação de Senning com a utilização de tecidos do próprio paciente. O diagnóstico era de TGA em 9, TGA com comunicação interventricular (CIV) em 1, TGA com estenose pulmonar valvar discreta em 1, TGA com justaposição das aurículas em 1 caso e todas as crianças foram submetidas à atrioseptostomia com balão no período neonatal. Em 5 casos foi utilizada a aurícula esquerda aberta e invertida para a septação interatrial, 1 com inversão e, em 5, inversão com abertura da aurícula esquerda e uso do próprio pericárdio in situ para a realização do túnel das veias pulmonares, devido às reduzidas dimensões do átrio direito (1 caso de justaposição das aurículas). O tempo de internação variou de 10 a 24 dias (média 15 dias), sendo que o período de pós-operatório variou de 7 a 22 dias (média 12 dias). Não houve óbitos no período de internação hospitalar. O seguimento no pós-operatório foi de 8 a 34 meses (média 23 meses) e todos os pacientes apresentaram boa evolução clínica. O ecocardiograma realizado no período de internação e no seguimento pós-operatório não evidenciou sinais de obstrução ao fluxo nos túneis intracardíacos. O uso de tecidos do próprio paciente in situ, com potencial possibilidade de crescimento, resgata a vantagem principal da técnica originalmente descrita por Senning


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Surgical Flaps , Transposition of Great Vessels/surgery , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment Outcome
8.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 14(2): 135-8, abr.-jun. 1999. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-240322

ABSTRACT

Nas operações minimamente invasivas o uso de cânula de menor calibre facilita a realização dos procedimentos cirúrgicos, mas, por outro lado, a drenagem venosa pode ser prejudicada. O emprego de vácuo no reservatório venoso do oxigenador é uma maneira simples e de baixo custo na correção do problema. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar nossa experiência com um dispositivo que permite além da utilização do vácuo, a sua regulagem conforme a necessidade específica do paciente e cânula empregada. Esse dispositivo consiste de uma válvula reguladora de vácuo, um filtro para a retenção de líquidos do ar aspirado e um manômetro eletrônico de pressão negativa. Os testes de bancada evidenciaram eficiência e segurança na aplicação da pressão negativa no oxigenador até 250 mmHg em temperaturas de até 40oC. O estudo clínico consistiu, inicialmente, na aplicação em 11 pacientes com esternotomia total. Posteriormente, foi utilizado em esternotomias parciais para tratamento da doença isolada da valva aórtica em 5 casos (L invertido) e 4 casos de atriosseptoplastia. Esse dispositivo permitiu a utilização de cânulas de diâmetros menores que as cânulas únicas convencionais, variando de 32 a 26 Fr, com a utilização de pressões negativas de 62,40 + ou - 11,69 mmHg com drenagem venosa satisfatória, sem evidências indiretas de hemólise. O dispositivo por nós idealizado permitiu a drenagem venosa assistida com a utilização de vácuo de forma controlada, segura e eficiente.


Subject(s)
Humans , Catheters, Indwelling , Drainage , Oxygenators , Myocardial Revascularization/instrumentation , Vacuum
9.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 14(1): 46-50, jan. 1999. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-233414

ABSTRACT

Visando um melhor resultado estético pode-se optar por técnicas minimamente invasivas na correçäo cirúrgica das cardiopatias congênitas. Entre os acessos utilizados realizamos a esternotomia parcial em 20 pacientes pediátricos para correçäo de comunicaçäo interatrial (CIA). Após análise deste grupo de pacientes concluímos tratar-se de técnica cirúrgica segura, de fácil execuçäo e com ótimo resultado estético. Näo ocorreram complicaçöes específicas relacionadas ao acesso cirúrgico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Child , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/surgery , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures , Prospective Studies
10.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 6(2): 124-7, maio-ago. 1991. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-164329

ABSTRACT

No InCor, foi elaborado um protocolo para avaliar se o emprego da artéria torácica interna alterava a mortalidade hospitalar nos pacientes coronarianos idosos (idade ( 70 anos), submetdos a revascularizaçao isolada, eletiva do miocadio. No protocolo foram incluídos parâmetros clínicos, hemodinâmicos, radiológicos, operatórios e de pós-operatório. Foram analisados l00 pacientes consecutivos, com observaçoes completas, em estudo prospectivo. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo teste de X(2) de Pearson. Concluímos que houve diferença estatística entre os grupos comparados e que a mortalidade hospitalar foi maior no grupo de pacientes nos quais se utilizou o enxerto de veia safena autógena. Atribuiu-se ao cirurgiao, como triador, a obtençao de tais resultados, utilizando a artéria torácica interna naqueles pacientes em melhor estado geral.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Coronary Disease/surgery , Myocardial Revascularization/methods , Thoracic Arteries/surgery , Aged, 80 and over , Myocardial Revascularization/mortality
11.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 6(1): 24-9, jan.-abr. 1991. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-164316

ABSTRACT

Entre janeiro de 1980 e dezembro de 1990, 109 pacientes com idade entre 12 e 70 anos, 86 do sexo masculino e 23 do sexo feminino, foram operados para tratamento de aneurismas e dissecçoes da aorta ascendente, associados ou nao a insuficiência aórtica. Trinta e quatro pacientes estavam em classe funcional (CF) IV (NYHA), 51 em CF III, 18 em CF II e seis em CF I. Cinqüenta e dois pacientes tinham dissecçao crônica da aorta, 29 tinham ectasia ânulo-aórtica, dez aneurisma sacular com insuficiência aórtica e os demais, diagnósticos associados. A mortalidade imediata foi de 12,8 por cento (l4 óbitos). Vinte e sete (24,7 por cento) pacientes nao foram acompanhados tardiamente. A mortalidade tardia foi de 13,4 por cento (ll/82). Dos 72 pacientes acompanhados clinicamente até 120 meses de evoluçao (três a 120 meses), 65 (90,5 por cento) mantêm-se em CF I e II. Concluiu-se que: a operaçao de Bentall - De Bono, demonstra ter melhor resultado em relaçao às interposiçoes de tubo (p < O,01), com estimativa de funçao de sobrevida de 70 por cento em 120 meses, com excelente evoluçao clínica tardia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Child , Aortic Dissection/surgery , Aortic Aneurysm/surgery , Actuarial Analysis , Aortic Dissection/mortality , Chronic Disease , Retrospective Studies , Surgical Procedures, Operative/methods
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