ABSTRACT
Molecular techniques have been used in recent studies toidentify a wide range of potential bacterial pathogens inperiimplant pockets of the oral cavity. However, the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of yeasts and species distribution related to periimplantitis are as yet unknown. The aim of thisstudy was to determine the prevalence and distribution of yeasts in peri-implant biofilm and to study genetic relatedness of Candida albicans.Yeasts recovered from periimplant biofilm samples (n=89) andbuccal samples (n=120) were studied in 40 immunocompetent non-smoking patients who visited the dental clinic of the Asociación Implantodontológica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina, and had received oral rehabilitation with implants for more than five years. Yeasts recovered from samples were studied by typing assays using RAPDPCR. The prevalence of yeasts in the periimplant sulcus was 73% (n=29). C. albicans was the most prevalent species identified in this study population. The RAPD analysis showed identical genotypes inmost C. albicans spp. from the two different sampling sites: buccal and periimplant. These findings suggest that periimplant biofilm is an ecological niche that favors the growth of yeast species. Most C. albicans found in periimplant biofilmoriginate from the endogenous infection caused by commensalstrains.
Las técnicas moleculares se han utilizado en estudios recientespara identificar una gran diversidad de patógenos bacterianosde surcos periimplantarios de cavidad bucal. Sin embargo, laprevalencia y epidemiología molecular de especies de levadurasen relación con la periimplantitis son aún desconocidas. Elobjetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia ydistribución de las levaduras en la biopelícula periimplantaria yestudiar la relación genética de Candida albicans. Se estudiaron40 pacientes inmunocompetentes no fumadores que se asistieronen la clínica dental de la Asociación ImplantodontológicaArgentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina, y que habían recibidorehabilitación oral con implantes durante más de cinco años.Las levaduras aisladas de las muestras de biopelículaperiimplantaria (n = 89) y bucales (n = 120), fueron identificadaspor métodos micológicos tradicionales y moleculares. Se obtuvoel ADN de C. albicans y se realizaron estudios moleculares porRAPD PCR. La prevalencia de levaduras en el surco alrededordel implante fue de 73 % (n = 29). C. albicans fue la especie másfrecuente identificada en esta población de estudio. El análisisRAPD permitió identificar idénticos genotipos de C. albicans enambos nichos ecológicos estudiados, periimplantar y bucal.Según los resultados obtenidos, el surco periiplantario es unnicho ecológico que favorece el crecimiento de especies delevaduras del género Candida. La mayoría de los aislamientosde C. albicans periimplantarios se originan a partir de lainfección endógena causada por cepas comensales.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Candida albicans/isolation & purification , Candida albicans/genetics , Prosthesis-Related Infections/etiology , Prosthesis-Related Infections/genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Argentina , Dental Plaque/microbiology , Data Interpretation, StatisticalABSTRACT
Yeasts colonize the subgingival biofilm, which becomes a reservoir that favors their reproduction. The purpose of the present work was to determine the prevalence of yeasts of the Candida genus in the subgingival biofilm of gingivoperiodontal disease patients, including users and non-users of dental devices, and their susceptibility to fluconazole and voriconazole. Samples of subgingival pockets of immunocompetent nonsmokers showing gingivitis and periodontitis were inoculated in a differential chromogenic medium. Sixty three percent of subjects used dental devices. Yeasts were identified and susceptibility to fluconazole and voriconazole was tested following CLSI M44-A standards. The prevalence of yeasts in the subgingival biofilm was 40% CI 95% (30.5-50.3); 10% were patients who did not use dental appliances. The most frequently observed yeasts were C. albicans, and C. parapsilosis, C. dubliniensis, C. tropicalis and C. guilliermondii. Only C. dubliniensis and C. guilliermondii showed resistance to azoles. The use of dental devices significantly increased the prevalence of yeasts in periodontal pockets inpatients presenting gingivitis. It is noteworthy that non albicans Candida species, such as C. dubliniensis and C. guilliermondii, considered emerging species, which have a diminished susceptibility to antifungal agents were found in the crevicular fluid of immunocompetent patients.
