Effects of substrate induced respiration on the stability of bottom ash in landfill cover environment.

The municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash is being increasingly used to construct landfill covers in Sweden. In post-closure, owing to increased cover infiltration, the percolating water can add external organic matter to bottom ash. The addition and subsequent degradation of this external organic matter can affect metal mobility through complexation and change in redox conditions. However, the impacts of such external organic matter addition on bottom ash stability have not been fully evaluated yet. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of external organic matter on bottom ash respiration and metal leaching. The samples of weathered bottom ash were mixed with oven dried and digested wastewater sludge (1%-5% by weight). The aerobic respiration activity (AT4), as well as the leaching of metals, was tested with the help of respiration and batch leaching tests. The respiration and heavy metal leaching increased linearly with the external organic matter addition. Based on the results, it was concluded that the external organic matter addition would negatively affect the quality of landfill cover drainage.

Detection of lung and bone infection with anti-granulocyte monoclonal antibody BW 250/183 radiolabelled with 99Tcm.

Twenty-four patients with suspected infection (eight bone, 16 lung) were studied using monoclonal antibody BW250/183 which recognizes epitopes present on the surface of granulocytes. Bronchofibroscopic samples (microbiological studies and alveolar cell counts) were obtained from 14/16 patients with lung disease. Bronchofibroscopy isolated a micro-organism nine times. In two other cases, the diagnosis of infection was based on clinical course data. Infection was confirmed by surgical biopsy in the eight patients with bone pathology. Scans were performed 2 and 24 h after injection of 1 mg BW 250/183 labelled with 99Tcm. For lung disease, immunoscintigraphy was positive six times (five true positive, one false positive) and negative 10 times (six false negative, four true negative). Immunoscintigraphy was false negative when the lung infection was not systematized or no granulocytes were mobilized in the infectious site. Immunoscintigraphy was falsely positive when noninfectious lung disease mobilized granulocytes. It was positive in all patients with bone infection. Images recorded at 24 h had better sensitivity (five false negative) than those at 2 h (eight false negative).