ABSTRACT
The current study extends the literature on teaching mands for information by assessing whether mands generalize across different establishing operations (EOs). Three children with autism were taught to perform multiple behavior chains, 3 of which included a common response (e.g., "Where is the spoon?") used for different purposes. An interrupted-behavior-chain procedure was used to contrive the EO for each mand. After teaching a mand for information under 1 EO, the remaining chains were interrupted to determine whether the mand had generalized to different EOs. For all participants, mands for information generalized across EOs. For 2 participants, a new mand-for-information topography emerged after training.
Subject(s)
Autistic Disorder/psychology , Child Behavior/psychology , Generalization, Psychological , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Male , Teaching/methodsABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to examine archival data from an outpatient clinic serving children with autism spectrum disorders to investigate the occurrence of problem behavior functions in this sample. Results indicated that social reinforcement (e.g., attention from others) was involved in maintaining problem behavior for the majority of cases, suggesting that these children lacked socially appropriate responses to access such reinforcement, or that their social environments contained insufficient social reinforcement. Further, the data suggest that problem behavior exhibited by children with autism spectrum disorders can be conceptualized similarly to the problem behavior of children with other developmental disabilities.
Subject(s)
Autistic Disorder/psychology , Child Behavior Disorders/psychology , Child Behavior/psychology , Reinforcement, Psychology , Social Behavior , Social Perception , Adolescent , Attention , Autistic Disorder/diagnosis , Child , Child Behavior Disorders/classification , Child Behavior Disorders/diagnosis , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Interpersonal Relations , Male , Outpatients , Personality AssessmentABSTRACT
Variability has been demonstrated to be an operant dimension of behavior (Neuringer, 2002; Page & Neuringer, 1985). Recently, lag schedules have been used to demonstrate operant variability of verbal behavior in persons with a diagnosis of autism (e.g., Lee, McComas, & Jawor, 2002). The current study evaluated the effects of a Lag 1 schedule on the vocal variability of 2 nonverbal children with a diagnosis of autism. Results showed systematic increases in variability during the Lag 1 schedule. Implications of lag schedules for speech and language training are discussed.
