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1.
Sci Adv ; 10(15): eadg7894, 2024 Apr 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38608012

ABSTRACT

During Drosophila oogenesis, the Oskar (OSK) RNA binding protein (RBP) determines the amount of germ plasm that assembles at the posterior pole of the oocyte. Here, we identify mechanisms that subsequently regulate germ plasm assembly in the early embryo. We show that the Smaug (SMG) RBP is transported into the germ plasm of the early embryo where it accumulates in the germ granules. SMG binds to and represses translation of the osk messenger RNA (mRNA) as well as the bruno 1 (bru1) mRNA, which encodes an RBP that we show promotes germ plasm production. Loss of SMG or mutation of SMG's binding sites in the osk or bru1 mRNA results in excess translation of these transcripts in the germ plasm, accumulation of excess germ plasm, and budding of excess primordial germ cells (PGCs). Therefore, SMG triggers a posttranscriptional regulatory pathway that attenuates the amount of germ plasm in embryos to modulate the number of PGCs.


Subject(s)
Drosophila , Lizards , Animals , Cytoplasm , Germ Cells , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Cell Count
2.
Cell Rep ; 31(12): 107783, 2020 06 23.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32579915

ABSTRACT

In animal embryos, the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) hands developmental control from maternal to zygotic gene products. We show that the maternal proteome represents more than half of the protein-coding capacity of Drosophila melanogaster's genome, and that 2% of this proteome is rapidly degraded during the MZT. Cleared proteins include the post-transcriptional repressors Cup, Trailer hitch (TRAL), Maternal expression at 31B (ME31B), and Smaug (SMG). Although the ubiquitin-proteasome system is necessary for clearance of these repressors, distinct E3 ligase complexes target them: the C-terminal to Lis1 Homology (CTLH) complex targets Cup, TRAL, and ME31B for degradation early in the MZT and the Skp/Cullin/F-box-containing (SCF) complex targets SMG at the end of the MZT. Deleting the C-terminal 233 amino acids of SMG abrogates F-box protein interaction and confers immunity to degradation. Persistent SMG downregulates zygotic re-expression of mRNAs whose maternal contribution is degraded by SMG. Thus, clearance of SMG permits an orderly MZT.


Subject(s)
Drosophila Proteins/genetics , Drosophila melanogaster/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental , Repressor Proteins/genetics , Transcription, Genetic , Zygote/metabolism , Animals , Down-Regulation/genetics , Drosophila Proteins/metabolism , Drosophila melanogaster/embryology , Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism , Embryonic Development/genetics , Female , Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism , Protein Binding , Protein Biosynthesis/genetics , Protein Subunits/metabolism , Proteolysis , Proteome/metabolism , RNA, Messenger/genetics , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Repressor Proteins/metabolism , Ribonucleoproteins/metabolism , Time Factors , Transcriptome/genetics , Ubiquitin/metabolism
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