Platorchestiinae subfam. nov. (Amphipoda, Senticaudata, Talitridae) with the description of three new genera and four new species.

A new subfamily, Platorchestiinae, is established for fifteen genera of talitrid amphipods of which three: Cocorchestia gen. nov.; Demaorchestia gen. nov. and Insularorchestia gen. nov. are new. Four new species are described: Demaorchestia hatakejima sp. nov.; D. mie sp. nov.; D. pseudojoi sp. nov. and Insularorchestia susorum sp. nov..

A new genus and species of sand-hopper, Mauritiorchestia fayetta gen. nov., sp. nov. (Amphipoda, Talitridae) from Mauritius.

A new genus and species, Mauritiorchestia fayetta gen. nov., sp. nov., of talitrid amphipod is described from beaches in Mauritius. Mauritiorchestia differs significantly from the closely related genus Platorchestia in the maxilla 1 palp (absent in Mauritiorchestia, vestigial in Platorchestia) and in the dactylus of gnathopod 1 (simplidactylate in Mauritiorchestia, cuspidactylate in Platorchestia).

A phylogeny and classification of the Talitroidea (Amphipoda, Senticaudata) based on interpretation of morphological synapomorphies and homoplasies.

A morphological cladistic analysis was carried out on talitroid Amphipoda. Each character state was carefully analysed to determine whether it could be most parsimoniously ascribed to a synapomorphy or to a homoplasy. Within the Talitroidea, two new epifamilies, the Protorchestoidae and the Talitroidae, six new families, the Uhlorchestiidae, the Protorchestiidae, the Arcitalitridae, the Brevitalitridae, the Curiotalitridae and the Makawidae and three new subfamilies in the Talitridae, the Talitrinae the Floresorchestiinae and the Pseudorchestoidinae are established. A formal classification is provided to the level of subfamilies. Families and subfamilies are diagnosed.

Carpentaria gen. nov., a new talitrid genus from tropical Australia (Amphipoda, Senticaudata, Talitroidea, Protorchestiidae).

The new talitrid genus Carpentaria gen. nov. is described from tropical Australia. It contains two marsh-hoppers: C. limicola (Haswell, 1880) (comb. nov.) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef and C. tropicalis sp. nov. from Darwin, Northern Territory and Queensland.

Talitrus saltator (Montagu, 1808), a species complex (Amphipoda, Senticaudata, Talitroidea, Talitridae).

The frequently studied amphipod genus Talitrus Latreille, 1802, long thought to be monotypic is shown here to include three species. Two species had already been recognized as distinct species. Talitrus cloquetii Audouin, 1826 and T. platycheles Guérin, 1832, but both had long been reduced to synonymy with T. saltator. All three species are described and figured and a key is provided for their identification. Because of the extensive literature associated with the name Talitrus saltator (sensu lato) we have attempted to assign published records to their appropriate species.

Talitrid amphipods from India, East Africa and the Red Sea (Amphipoda, Senticaudata, Talitroidea, Talitridae).

Two new coastal talitrid genera are described, Austropacifica gen. nov., known from tropical Australia, Papua New Guinea and the south-western Pacific Ocean and Gazia gen. nov., ranging from East Africa to the Caribbean Sea. Two new species of coastal talitrids are described: Gazia gazi gen. nov., sp. nov. from Gazi Bay, Kenya and Talorchestia anakao sp. nov. from western Madagascar. The species known as Talorchestia affinis Maccagno, 1936 is redescribed and its distribution is extended from the western coast of the Red Sea to Kenya based on new collections. Talitrid generic and species level diversity in the Indo Pacific is discussed and a dichotomous key to all known species of Talorchestia is provided.

New genera of Talitridae in the revised Superfamily Talitroidea Bulycheva 1957 (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Senticaudata).

Thirty seven new talitrid genera are described: Albidiator gen. nov.; Amphiatlantica gen. nov.; Asiaorchestia gen. nov.; Bulychevia gen. nov.; Calviator gen. nov.; Canariorchestia gen. nov.; Chevreuxiana gen. nov.; Dallwitzia gen. nov.; Defeo gen. nov.; Dendrorchestia gen. nov.; Derzhavinia gen. nov.; Dracorchestia gen. nov.; Fleuria gen. nov.; Galaporchestia gen. nov.; Hermaniator gen. nov.; Houlia gen. nov.; Hurleyella gen. nov.; Ignamborchestia gen. nov.; Indiorchestia gen. nov.; Insulariator gen. nov.; Kaalorchestia gen. nov.; Kellyduncania gen. nov.; Laniporchestia gen. nov.; Laurenia gen. nov.; Leslieorchestia gen. nov.; Lutruwitiator gen. nov.; Morinoia gen. nov.; Oamaru gen. nov.; Omaiorchestia gen. nov.; Opunorchestia gen. nov.; Pickorchestia gen. nov.; Sinbadorchestia gen. nov.; Snaresorchestia gen. nov.; Speziorchestia gen. nov.; Swaziator gen. nov.; Tasmanella gen. nov.; and Wairua gen. nov. The superfamily Hyaloidea Bulycheva 1957 stat. nov. is established. Caribitroides Bousfield, 1984, Dana Lowry, 2011, Makawe Duncan, 1994, Mexitroides Lindeman, 1990, Parorchestia Stebbing, 1899, Puhuruhuru Duncan, 1994 and Waematau Duncan, 1994 are re-diagnosed and Mexitroides Lindeman, 1990 is raised to generic level. Type material of Tethorchestia antillensis Bousfield, 1984 is illustrated for the first time.

First record of the genus Eriopisella Chevreux, 1920 (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Senticaudata, Eriopisidae) from Australia, with the description of a new species, Eriopisella moretoni sp. nov.

The genus Eriopisella is recorded for the first time from Australia. Material from Moreton Bay, Queensland, proved to be an undescribed species and is here fully described and figured under the name E. moretoni sp. nov. An identification key to the nine known world species of Eriopisella is provided.

Effects of a combination of 3,4-methylenedioxymeth amphetamine and caffeine on real time stimulated dopamine release in the rat striatum: Studies using fast cyclic voltammetry.

It is well documented that caffeine exacerbates the hyperthermia associated with acute exposure to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in rats. Previous reports have also indicated that MDMA-related enhancement of dopamine release is exacerbated in the presence of caffeine. In the present study we have examined whether the effects of MDMA on real-time stimulated dopamine release, in the absence of uptake inhibition, are accentuated in the presence of caffeine. Isolated striatal slices from adult male Wistar rats were treated acutely with MDMA, caffeine, or a combination, and their effects on single and 5pulse stimulated dopamine release monitored using the technique of fast cyclic voltammetry. Caffeine at 10 or 100µM had no significant effect on single pulse stimulated dopamine release. However 100µM caffeine caused a significant peak increase in 5pulse stimulated dopamine release. Both 1 and 30µM MDMA gave rise to a significant increase in both single and 5-pulse dopamine release and reuptake. A combination of 100µM caffeine and 1 or 30µM MDMA did not significantly enhance the effects of MDMA on single or 5pulse dopamine release and reuptake when compared to that applied alone. Utilizing single action potential dependent dopamine release, these results do not demonstrate a caffeine-enhanced MDMA-induced dopamine release.

A Phylogeny and Classification of the Amphipoda with the establishment of the new order Ingolfiellida (Crustacea: Peracarida).

A classification is proposed for the order Amphipoda. The Amphipoda includes six suborders, the Pseudingolfiellidea, Hyperiidea, Colomastigidea, Hyperiopsidea, Senticaudata (described in a previous contribution (Lowry & Myers 2013)) and Amphilochidea. The suborder Ingolfiellidea is raised to order status. A cladistic tree, based on morphology, is presented illustrating the relationships of the Amphipoda at parvorder level. A tree for the families of the Physomatidira and Physocephalatidira, a tree for the Maxillipiidira, Oedicerotidira, Eusiridira and Amphilochidira and a tree for the Synopiidira, Haustoriidira and Lysianassidira, are provided. Families are listed together with their included genera. New families are diagnosed.

Soil erosion predictions from a landscape evolution model - An assessment of a post-mining landform using spatial climate change analogues.

Landscape Evolution Modelling (LEM) technologies provide a means by which it is possible to simulate the long-term geomorphic stability of a conceptual rehabilitated landform. However, simulations rarely consider the potential effects of anthropogenic climate change and consequently risk not accounting for the range of rainfall variability that might be expected in both the near and far future. One issue is that high resolution (both spatial and temporal) rainfall projections incorporating the potential effects of greenhouse forcing are required as input. However, projections of rainfall change are still highly uncertain for many regions, particularly at sub annual/seasonal scales. This is the case for northern Australia, where a decrease or an increase in rainfall post 2030 is considered equally likely based on climate model simulations. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate a spatial analogue approach to develop point scale hourly rainfall scenarios to be used as input to the CAESAR - Lisflood LEM to test the sensitivity of the geomorphic stability of a conceptual rehabilitated landform to potential changes in climate. Importantly, the scenarios incorporate the range of projected potential increase/decrease in rainfall for northern Australia and capture the expected envelope of erosion rates and erosion patterns (i.e. where erosion and deposition occurs) over a 100year modelled period. We show that all rainfall scenarios produce sediment output and gullying greater than that of the surrounding natural system, however a 'wetter' future climate produces the highest output. Importantly, incorporating analogue rainfall scenarios into LEM has the capacity to both improve landform design and enhance the modelling software. Further, the method can be easily transferred to other sites (both nationally and internationally) where rainfall variability is significant and climate change impacts are uncertain.

Zaramillidae, a new amphipod family from the subantarctic Kerguelen Islands (Amphipoda, Senticaudata, Gammaroidea, Zaramillidae fam. nov.).

A new senticaudate amphipod family, Zaramillidae is described from the subantarctic Kerguelen Islands, based on the genus Zaramilla Stebbing, 1888. It is placed in the gammaridiran amphipods.

New talitrids from South Africa (Amphipoda, Senticaudata, Talitroidea, Talitridae) with notes on their ecology.

Based on new talitrid amphipod collections from South Africa one new genus, Capeorchestia gen. nov., and one new species, Africorchestia meridionalis sp. nov., are described and Africorchestia quadrispinosa (K.H. Barnard, 1916) is redescribed. Eorchestia Bousfield, 1984 is redescribed. Based on this redescription Orchestia dassenensis (K.H. Barnard, 1916) is moved to Eorchestia and the Tasmanian species Eorchestia palustris Richardson, 1993 and E. rupestris Richardson, 1993 are moved to Microrchestia Bousfield, 1984. The current knowledge about the ecology of Capeorchestia capensis (Dana, 1853), Africorchestia quadrispinosa and A. meridionalis is summarized.

Frequency-Dependent Modulation of Dopamine Release by Nicotine and Dopamine D1 Receptor Ligands: An In Vitro Fast Cyclic Voltammetry Study in Rat Striatum.

Nicotine is a highly addictive drug and exerts this effect partially through the modulation of dopamine release and increasing extracellular dopamine in regions such as the brain reward systems. Nicotine acts in these regions on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The effect of nicotine on the frequency dependent modulation of dopamine release is well established and the purpose of this study was to investigate whether dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) ligands have an influence on this. Using fast cyclic voltammetry and rat corticostriatal slices, we show that D1R ligands are able to modulate the effect of nicotine on dopamine release. Nicotine (500 nM) induced a decrease in dopamine efflux at low frequency (single pulse or five pulses at 10 Hz) and an increase at high frequency (100 Hz) electrical field stimulation. The D1R agonist SKF-38393, whilst having no effect on dopamine release on its own or on the effect of nicotine upon multiple pulse evoked dopamine release, did significantly prevent and reverse the effect of nicotine on single pulse dopamine release. Interestingly similar results were obtained with the D1R antagonist SCH-23390. In this study we have demonstrated that the modulation of dopamine release by nicotine can be altered by D1R ligands, but only when evoked by single pulse stimulation, and are likely working via cholinergic interneuron driven dopamine release.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) for Severe Toxicological Exposures: Review of the Toxicology Investigators Consortium (ToxIC).

Although there have been many developments related to specific strategies for treating patients after poisoning exposures, the mainstay of therapy remains symptomatic and supportive care. One of the most aggressive supportive modalities is extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Our goal was to describe the use of ECMO for toxicological exposures reported to the American College of Medical Toxicology (ACMT) Toxicology Investigators Consortium (ToxIC). We performed a retrospective review of the ACMT ToxIC Registry from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2013. Inclusion criteria included patients aged 0 to 89 years, evaluated between January 2010 through December 2013, and received ECMO for toxicological exposure. There were 26,271 exposures (60 % female) reported to the ToxIC Registry, 10 (0.0004 %) received ECMO: 4 pediatric (< 12 years), 2 adolescent (12-18 years), and 4 adults (>18 years). Time of initiation of ECMO ranged from 4 h to 4 days, with duration from 15 h to 12 days. Exposures included carbon monoxide/smoke inhalation (2), bitter almonds, methanol, and several medications including antihistamines (2), antipsychotic/antidepressant (2), cardiovascular drugs (2), analgesics (2), sedative/hypnotics (2), and antidiabetics (2). Four ECMO patients received cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) during their hospital course, and the overall survival rate was 80 %. ECMO was rarely used for poisoning exposures in the ACMT ToxIC Registry. ECMO was utilized for a variety of ages and for pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical exposures. In most cases, ECMO was administered prior to cardiovascular failure, and survival rate was high. If available, ECMO may be a valid treatment modality.

The tryphosine genus Cheirimedon in Australian waters (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Lysianassidae, Tryphosinae).

The genus Cheirimedon is reviewed and the monotypic genus Tryphosoides placed in its synonymy. We describe fourteen new species of Cheirimedon, all from Australian waters, bringing the total number of species in the genus to 22. Full synonymies and distribution data are provided for all taxa. A key to the world species is provided.

Coastal Talitridae (Amphipoda: Talitroidea) from north-western Australia to Darwin with a revision of the genus Cochinorchestia Lowry & Peart, 2010.

Three species of coastal talitrids are reported from north-western Western Australia: Australorchestia tantabiddyensis sp. nov., from Tantabiddy Rockholes Cave, Cape Range National Park; Talorchestia dampieri sp. nov. from Roebuck Bay, Broome and Cygnet Bay, King Sound; and Tropicorchestia derbyensis gen. et sp. nov. from Derby, King Sound. Five species are reported from west of Darwin, Northern Territory: Cochinorchestia lindsayae sp. nov.; Cochinorchestia metcalfeae sp. nov.; Floresorchestia limicola (Haswell, 1880); Microrchestia ntensis sp. nov.; and Tropicorchestia glasbyi sp. nov. The genus Cochinorchestia Lowry & Peart, 2010 is revised: Orchestia notabilis of Griffiths, 1973 is assigned to the new species Cochinorchestia morrumbene sp. nov. from Mozambique; Orchestia sp. of Ledoyer, 1979 is assigned to the new species Cochinorchestia poka sp. nov. from Ambon, eastern Indonesia; and Orchestia notabilis of Ledoyer 1986 is assigned to the new species Cochinorchestia tulear sp. nov. from south-western Madagascar. Microrchestia sp. of Bussarawich 1985 appears to be an undescribed species of Cochinorchestia from Thailand. We introduce the term virgula dentata to describe the highly modified tip of antenna 2 in talitrid amphipods and propose a theory for the age and current distribution of the family.

A new species of Waldeckia from the Austral Isles, Society Islands (Amphipoda, Lysianassoidea, Lysianassidae, Waldeckiinae).

A new species of the scavenging lysianassid amphipod genus Waldeckia, W. bamberi sp. nov., is described from the Austral Isles, Society Isles, the first record of Waldeckia on the Pacific Plate.

Two new species of Lysianassidae Dana, 1849 from Australia: Riwo zeidleri and Socarnella delectabilis (Crustacea: Peracarida: Amphipoda).

The new species Riwo zeidleri and Socarnella delectabilis are described. Prior to this study Riwo Lowry & Stoddart, 1995 was a monotypic genus, while Socarnella Walker, 1904 consisted of only two described species. The distribution of Riwo is expanded southwards from northern Papua New Guinea and the Great Barrier Reef to the south coast of Australia and the distribution of Socarnella is expanded further southward from Sri Lanka and the South China Sea, to the west coast of Australia.