ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To use a multi-method approach to examine the association of parental ADHD and gender with observed and self-reported parenting beliefs and behaviors. METHOD: Seventy-nine mother-father dyads completed measures of child behavior and impairment, parenting beliefs and behaviors, and self- and partner ratings of ADHD symptoms and functional impairment. Forty-five parents also completed structured parent-child interactions. RESULTS: A hierarchical linear model suggests impairment in functional domains may be associated with negative emotions about parenting and less effective parenting strategies. For fathers, greater severity of partner-reported symptoms of ADHD may be associated with greater frequency of negative talk during parent-child interactions. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that higher levels of parental ADHD symptoms and functional impairment may be associated with reported beliefs and behaviors related to parenting. Differences emerged among mothers' and fathers' use of parenting strategies when self- and other-report of ADHD symptoms and impairment were assessed.
Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity , Fathers , Mothers , Parenting , Adult , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology , Child , Child Behavior/psychology , Fathers/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Mothers/psychology , Parent-Child Relations , Parenting/psychology , Parents/psychology , Self Report , Sex Factors , Sexual PartnersABSTRACT
Engagement in behavioral parent training (BPT), including enrollment, attrition, attendance, within-session engagement, and homework completion, has long been a critical issue in the literature. Several estimates of various aspects of engagement have been suggested in the literature, but a systematic review of the available literature has never been accomplished. This review examines engagement data across 262 studies of BPT. Recruitment attrition, program attrition, attendance, and within-session engagement are examined across studies, with particular emphasis on the impact that SES, study purpose (efficacy vs. effectiveness), treatment format (individual vs. group), and age of child may have on those rates. Results of this review suggest that the significant amount of attrition occurs prior to enrollment in BPT, with at least 25 % of those identified as appropriate for BPT not enrolling in such programs. An additional 26 % begin, but drop out before completing treatment. Still the combined dropout rate of at least 51 % leaves at best half of identified parents completing treatment. While SES status had a small effect on attrition, other variables were not found to meaningfully impact engagement. Information on within-session engagement (homework and ratings of participation) was not often reported in studies. Key issues in this literature (e.g., varying definitions of engagement, limited attention to reporting key aspects of engagement) are discussed, and recommendations are made to further improve this important area of research and clinical practice.
Subject(s)
Behavior Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Education, Nonprofessional/statistics & numerical data , Parenting , HumansABSTRACT
The present purpose was to examine racial differences in response rate and serious behavioral suicide risk based on the national Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey (YRBS). Data from 15,245 adolescents (YRBS, 2011) were included. Survey items pertaining to making suicidal plans and attempting suicide were included. Significant differences in responding and content emerged, especially with regard to suicide attempts. Racial minority adolescents are at elevated risk for serious suicidal behaviors and are more likely to omit items pertaining to suicide attempts. African American adolescents rarely reported having attempted suicide, but they also frequently failed to respond to that question.
Subject(s)
Racial Groups/psychology , Self Disclosure , Suicide/ethnology , Adolescent , Black or African American/psychology , Black or African American/statistics & numerical data , Asian/psychology , Asian/statistics & numerical data , Female , Hispanic or Latino/psychology , Hispanic or Latino/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Indians, North American/psychology , Indians, North American/statistics & numerical data , Male , Psychology, Adolescent/statistics & numerical data , Racial Groups/statistics & numerical data , Suicide/psychology , Suicide, Attempted/ethnology , Suicide, Attempted/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , United States/epidemiology , White People/psychology , White People/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Though previous research suggests that attendance at individual therapy is not impacted by amount or source of payment for services, such research is relatively sparse and clinician concerns remain. The present study explores the connection between payment of fees and attendance at group treatments--a previously unexplored area. Participants in a 10-week behavioral parent training (BPT) program varied in timing of payment of fees as well as amount of fees based on income. The varying payment schedules did not affect attendance to sessions at which payments were due nor did payment schedules affect completion of the program. A small relationship was found between income group and attendance. The results are discussed in their relation to the larger literature on fees and attendance at psychotherapy.
