Occurrence of Mycoplasmas in Galapagos Sea Lions (Zalophus wollebaeki) and their Association with Other Respiratory Pathogens.

During the 2018 breeding season, an outbreak of respiratory disease occurred among Galapagos sea lions (Zalophus wollebaeki) that inhabit rookeries near urban areas with introduced fauna such as dogs and cats. Several sea lions had nasal discharge and respiratory distress and were in poor body condition. Eighteen sea lions were captured for a general health assessment including collection of blood for serology and nasal discharge for culture and PCR. Samples were analyzed for 15 respiratory pathogens known to infect cats, dogs, and marine mammals. There was no evidence for interspecies pathogen transmission between Galapagos sea lions and domestic animals. Several bacterial pathogens associated with respiratory tract infection in the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) were isolated. Mycoplasma spp. were identified by PCR in nasal discharge samples but were not the species commonly found in cats and dogs.

A cultura pueril da puericultura / The childish culture of child care

Analisa o surgimento da puericultura no Brasil. Afirma que apesar de a puericultura se constituir em área independente da medicina no século atual, em 1790 foi publicado um tratado em língua portuguesa sobre o assunto. Coloca que no Brasil as questöes ligadas ao desenvolvimento da puericultura esbarraram em uma estrutura familiar que dificultou o seu desenvolvimento imediato. Das dificuldades apontadas, destaca o aleitamento materno, que era feito pelas escravas. Para a classe médica este costume era um fator determinante para o aumento da mortalidade infantil e para a transmissäo e proliferaçäo de doenças entre as crianças. Expöe como fator determinante que ajudou a desenvolver a puericultura, modificando os costumes, o movimento higienista e a revoluçäo pasteuriana, permitindo à puericultura criar uma teoria que justificava cientificamente suas normas. (JGC)