ABSTRACT
A new coenagrionid genus, Negragrion, is described for N. sagma sp.n. found in Argentina and Brazil (Holotype and allotype, pair in tandem. Argentina: Corrientes: Santo Tomé, arroyo Ita Cuá sobre RP 94, 28°26'48.30"S 56°00'33.11"W, 24.ii.2003, Muzón & Pessacq coll., MLP). The new genus is characterized by the shape of male cerci (decumbent from base; saddle-shaped; in lateral view with an acute apophysis directed dorsally located at 0.3 from base). The presence of a vulvar spine on S8 of females places this genus within Ischnurinae. A cladistics analysis using morphological data was carried out to determine its phylogenetic position. Negragrion gen.n. is recovered within the clade 4 as the sister group of the clade (Acanthallagma Acanthagrion (Oxyagrion, Fluminagrion)).
Subject(s)
Odonata , Animals , Argentina , Brazil , Female , Male , PhylogenyABSTRACT
The American genus Argia, with more than 100 species described, is the most speciose genus of Odonata in the world. In this contribution, the final stadium larva of Argia serva, the southernmost distributed species of Argia, is described and diagnosed based on reared material from Martín García island, Buenos Aires, Argentina. The larva of this species can be easily separated from the other Argentinean Argia by the following combination of characters: sternum of S8 covered with spines (bare in A. translata); antennal segment 3 longer than 1+2 (equal to or shorter than 1+2 in A. joergenseni and A. jujuya); palpal setae absent (present in A. croceipennis). A key to the known larvae of Argia of the Southern Cone is provided.
Subject(s)
Larva/anatomy & histology , Larva/classification , Odonata/anatomy & histology , Odonata/classification , Animals , Argentina , Larva/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Odonata/ultrastructureABSTRACT
Acanthagrion marinae sp. nov. (Holotype male: BRASIL, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, UFMS, 20°29'56.26''S - 54°36'48.43''W, 547m, leg. M.E. Rodrigues, 03.ii.2015, collection code: VZYG437, MLP) is described and illustrated on the basis of 15 males. The new species belongs to the apicale species group by having horns on S10 and sclerotized hooks on tip of distal segment of the genital ligula. It can be easily distinguished from other species of the group by a combination of characters of the genital ligulae (presence of setae on segment two; absence of setae at flexure; distal lateral lobes of segment three absent). Notes on habitat and a modification of previous keys for the species of the apicale group are provided.
Subject(s)
Ecosystem , Odonata/anatomy & histology , Odonata/classification , Animals , Brazil , Female , MaleABSTRACT
Patagonia is a vast landmass with a distinctive environmental and biotic heterogeneity. Its Odonata biodiversity is the best known of South America, and it is composed of 36 species, of which more than 50% are endemic. We summarize the main taxonomic, distributional and biological information including illustrated keys for adults and known larvae, and distributional maps.
Subject(s)
Odonata/anatomy & histology , Odonata/classification , Animal Distribution , Animal Structures/anatomy & histology , Animals , Biodiversity , Ecosystem , Female , Larva/anatomy & histology , Larva/classification , Larva/growth & development , Male , Odonata/growth & development , South AmericaABSTRACT
The neotropical genus Acanthagrion Selys (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) is composed of 44 species, of which the females of 31 species are currently known. In this contribution the females of A. aepiolum Tennessen and A. minutum Leonard are described and that of A. ascendens Calvert is redescribed. Distribution maps and new records are provided for all three species. Finally, a key to females of the genus Acanthagrion from Argentina is provided.
Subject(s)
Odonata/classification , Animals , Argentina , Biodiversity , Female , Odonata/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
ObjetivoEl grado de conocimiento de los pacientes sobre sus medicamentos está altamente asociado a la mejora de su uso racional y de los resultados de la farmacoterapia. El objetivo del estudio ha sido diseñar y validar un cuestionario que mida el grado de conocimiento de los pacientes sobre los medicamentos.DiseñoA) Cuestionario: revisión bibliográfica, varias técnicas cualitativas (panel de expertos, tormenta de ideas, método Delphi) y pruebas piloto. B) Validación del cuestionario.EmplazamientoUna farmacia comunitaria de Málaga capital.ParticipantesPacientes que acudieron a la farmacia seleccionada solicitando un medicamento.Mediciones principalesSe determinó la capacidad discriminante de los ítems. Se evaluó la validez de contenido y de constructo (cálculo del coeficiente rho de Spearman-Brown y análisis factorial de componentes principales [AFCP]) y la fiabilidad mediante la determinación de la consistencia interna, la equivalencia (concordancia interobservadores) y su estabilidad (test-retest).ResultadosEl cuestionario definitivo, formado por 11 ítems que engloban las dimensiones del conocimiento halladas, se pasó a 102 pacientes (tasa de respuesta del 95,3%) con una edad media de 46,86 años (desviación estándar [DE]: 16,70).El tiempo medio de cumplimentación fue de 4,9min (DE: 2,2). El AFCP mostró una estructura probable de 4 factores, que en conjunto explicaban el 67% de la variancia total. El coeficiente rho de Spearman-Brown fue de 0,30 (p<0,05). El alfa de Cronbach fue de 0,677, el coeficiente kappa fue de 0,99 y el coeficiente de correlación intraclase fue de 0,745 (intervalo de confianza del 95%: 0,49 a 0,87).ConclusionesEl cuestionario diseñado es ágil, válido y fiable para medir el grado de conocimiento de los pacientes sobre los medicamentos que utilizan(AU)
ObjectivePatient knowledge of their medicines is closely associated to a better rational use of drugs, thus achieving better health outcomes from their use. The objective of this study is to design and validate a questionnaire to assess the level of knowledge patients have about their medicines.Design(A) Questionnaire: Literature review, some qualitative techniques (expert panel, brainstorming, Delphi method) and some pilot studies. (B) Questionnaire validation.SettingA community pharmacy in the city of Malaga.ParticipantsPatients attending the selected pharmacy, asking for at least one medicine.Main measurementsThe discriminant capacity of the items was assessed. Content and construct validity were analysed using the Spearman's Rho coefficient and Factor Analysis method. Reliability was assessed by measuring internal consistency, equivalence (inter-observer concordance) and test-retest reliability.ResultsThe final questionnaire, with 11 items explaining the different dimensions of knowledge found, was completed by 102 patients (a response rate of 95.3%) with a mean age of 46.6 years (SD 16.70). Mean time to complete it was 4.9min (SD 2.2). Factor analysis showed a probable structure of 4 factors explaining the 67% of the total variance. The Spearman-Brown Rho coefficient was 0.30 (p<0.05). Cronbach α was 0.677, Kappa's coefficient=0.99 and intra-class correlation coefficient=0.745 (95% CI: 0.490.87).ConclusionsThe designed questionnaire is dynamic, valid and reliable, being able to measure the level of patient knowledge on the medicines they use(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Knowledge , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Pharmaceutical Preparations/analysis , Surveys and Questionnaires , Pharmaceutical Services , Public HealthABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Patient knowledge of their medicines is closely associated to a better rational use of drugs, thus achieving better health outcomes from their use. The objective of this study is to design and validate a questionnaire to assess the level of knowledge patients have about their medicines. DESIGN: (A) Questionnaire: Literature review, some qualitative techniques (expert panel, brainstorming, Delphi method) and some pilot studies. (B) Questionnaire validation. SETTING: A community pharmacy in the city of Malaga. PARTICIPANTS: Patients attending the selected pharmacy, asking for at least one medicine. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The discriminant capacity of the items was assessed. Content and construct validity were analysed using the Spearman's Rho coefficient and Factor Analysis method. Reliability was assessed by measuring internal consistency, equivalence (inter-observer concordance) and test-retest reliability. RESULTS: The final questionnaire, with 11 items explaining the different dimensions of knowledge found, was completed by 102 patients (a response rate of 95.3%) with a mean age of 46.6 years (SD 16.70). Mean time to complete it was 4.9 min (SD 2.2). Factor analysis showed a probable structure of 4 factors explaining the 67% of the total variance. The Spearman-Brown Rho coefficient was 0.30 (p<0.05). Cronbach alpha was 0.677, Kappa's coefficient=0.99 and intra-class correlation coefficient=0.745 (95% CI: 0.49-0.87). CONCLUSIONS: The designed questionnaire is dynamic, valid and reliable, being able to measure the level of patient knowledge on the medicines they use.
