ABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Determinar la proporción de personas con infección por VIH o sida que se encontraban en seguimiento en la cohorte VACH en 2012 y que resultaron perdidas del mismo en 2013 y 2014, así como establecer las características sociodemográficas relacionadas con dicha pérdida. MÉTODOS: Consideramos perdidos del seguimiento a los sujetos con menos de un registro de consulta por año analizado. Construimos modelos de regresión logística para la estimación de las razones de ventajas (odds ratio [OR]) y sus intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC del 95%) de las variables relacionadas con la pérdida de seguimiento. RESULTADOS: El porcentaje global de pérdidas en seguimiento fue del 15,5% (IC del 95%: 14,9-16,1). Las variables asociadas con la pérdida de seguimiento fueron no recibir tratamiento antirretroviral (TAR) (OR: 1,948; IC del 95: 1,651-2,298), ser inmigrante (OR: 1,746; IC del 95: 1,494-2,040), el consumo de fármacos por vía intravenosa como mecanismo de transmisión del VIH (OR: 1,498; IC del 95: 1,312-1,711), encontrarse en situación de desempleo (OR: 1,331; IC del 95: 1,179-1,503), no tener pareja (OR: 1,948, IC del 95: 1,651-1,298), pertenecer a un estrato socioeconómico bajo (OR: 1,279; IC del 95: 1,143-1,431) y ser atendido en un hospital con menos de 1.000 pacientes en seguimiento (OR: 1,257; IC del 95%: 1,121-1,457), además de menor edad y menos tiempo de seguimiento en la cohorte. CONCLUSIONES: El 15,5% de los pacientes fueron perdidos del seguimiento en un periodo de 2años en la cohorte VACH. Ello se asoció a una serie de variables sociodemográficas y epidemiológicas, cuya identificación puee ser útil para diseñar iniciativas focalizadas sobre las poblaciones más susceptibles de abandonar los circuitos asistenciales y a orientar estrategias diseñadas a la consecución del objetivo 90-90-90
OBJECTIVE: To determine the proportion of people infected by HIV or AIDS under follow-up in the VACH Cohort in 2012 who were lost to follow-up from 2013 to 2014, and to establish the sociodemographic features relating to this loss. METHODS: We considered subjects with less than one recorded consultation per year studied to be lost to follow-up. We built logistic regression models to calculate the odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), of the variables relating to loss to follow-up. RESULTS: The overall percentage of losses to follow-up was 15.5% (95% CI 14.9-16-1). The variables associated with loss to follow up were: not receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) (OR: 1.948, 95% CI: 1.651 -2.298), being an immigrant (OR: 1.746; 95%CI: 1.494-2.040), intravenous drug consumption being the mechanism for HIV transmission (OR: 1.498, 95% CI: 1.312-1.711), being unemployed (OR: 1.331; 95% CI: 1.179-1.503), being without a partner (OR: 1.948, 95% CI: 1.651-1.298), belonging to a low socioeconomic class (OR: 1.279; 95% CI: 1.143-1.431), and being attended in a hospital with fewer than 1000 patients under follow-up (OR: 1.257, 95% CI: 1.121-1.457), as well as being under age and having spent less time under follow-up in the Cohort. CONCLUSIONS: 15.5% of the patients were lost to follow-up over a period of 2 years in the VACH Cohort. This was associated with a series of sociodemographic and epidemiological variables that it might be useful to identify to design initiatives targeting the populations most likely to abandon the circuits of care, and guide strategies towards achieving Objective 90-90-90
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Lost to Follow-Up , Continuity of Patient Care/organization & administration , Continuity of Patient Care/statistics & numerical data , Logistic Models , Confidence Intervals , Socioeconomic Factors , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the proportion of people infected by HIV or AIDS under follow-up in the VACH Cohort in 2012 who were lost to follow-up from 2013 to 2014, and to establish the sociodemographic features relating to this loss. METHODS: We considered subjects with less than one recorded consultation per year studied to be lost to follow-up. We built logistic regression models to calculate the odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), of the variables relating to loss to follow-up. RESULTS: The overall percentage of losses to follow-up was 15.5% (95% CI 14.9-16-1). The variables associated with loss to follow up were: not receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) (OR: 1.948, 95% CI: 1.651 -2.298), being an immigrant (OR: 1.746; 95%CI: 1.494-2.040), intravenous drug consumption being the mechanism for HIV transmission (OR: 1.498, 95% CI: 1.312-1.711), being unemployed (OR: 1.331; 95% CI: 1.179-1.503), being without a partner (OR: 1.948, 95% CI: 1.651-1.298), belonging to a low socioeconomic class (OR: 1.279; 95% CI: 1.143-1.431), and being attended in a hospital with fewer than 1000 patients under follow-up (OR: 1.257, 95% CI: 1.121-1.457), as well as being under age and having spent less time under follow-up in the Cohort. CONCLUSIONS: 15.5% of the patients were lost to follow-up over a period of 2years in the VACH Cohort. This was associated with a series of sociodemographic and epidemiological variables that it might be useful to identify to design initiatives targeting the populations most likely to abandon the circuits of care, and guide strategies towards achieving Objective 90-90-90.
Subject(s)
Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Lost to Follow-Up , Adult , Cohort Studies , Demography , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Sociological Factors , Spain , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Empirical antifungal treatment (EAT) in neutropenia is mainly aimed at improving the poor prognosis of patients with invasive fungal infection through early treatment. The Infectious Diseases Society of America recommends initiating EAT in patients with persistent fever after 5-7 days of antibacterial treatment, and in those in whom remission of neutropenia is not imminent. Nevertheless, EAT has not been shown to be more effective than a placebo, it does not show better results than directed antifungal treatment, its effectiveness is minimal, it is not innocuous, and it is not very efficient with the use of most antifungal agents. All considered, we believe that the aforementioned recommendation for EAT treatment is unjustified. In its place we propose the application of EAT in patients selected on the basis of clinical criteria and risk factors.
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Fever/drug therapy , Mycoses/drug therapy , Neutropenia/drug therapy , Patient Selection , Abdominal Abscess/drug therapy , Abdominal Abscess/microbiology , Algorithms , Antifungal Agents/administration & dosage , Antifungal Agents/adverse effects , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Brain Abscess/drug therapy , Brain Abscess/microbiology , Dermatomycoses/drug therapy , Drug Administration Schedule , Fever/etiology , Humans , Mycoses/complications , Mycoses/diagnosis , Mycoses/epidemiology , Neoplasms/complications , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Neutropenia/chemically induced , Neutropenia/etiology , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy , Respiratory Tract Infections/microbiology , Risk Factors , Sepsis/drug therapy , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
El tratamiento antifúngico empírico (TAE) en los pacientes con neutropenia tiene como objetivo principal mejorar el mal pronóstico de los pacientes con infección fúngica invasora, mediante el tratamiento precoz de la misma. La Sociedad Americana de Enfermedades Infecciosas recomienda iniciar el TAE en los pacientes con fiebre después de 5-7 días de tratamiento antibacteriano y en los que la resolución de la neutropenia no es inminente. Sin embargo, el TAE no ha demostrado mayor eficacia que el placebo, no obtiene mejores resultados que el tratamiento antifúngico dirigido, su efectividad es mínima, no es inocuo y, con la mayoría de los antifúngicos, es muy poco eficiente. Por todas estas razones consideramos que la citada recomendación del TAE no está justificada. En su lugar proponemos la realización del TAE en pacientes seleccionados por criterios clínicos y factores de riesgo (AU)
Empirical antifungal treatment (EAT) in neutropenia is mainly aimed at improving the poor prognosis of patients with invasive fungal infection through early treatment. The Infectious Diseases Society of America recommends initiating EAT in patients with persistent fever after 5-7 days of antibacterial treatment, and in those in whom remission of neutropenia is not imminent. Nevertheless, EAT has not been shown to be more effective than a placebo, it does not show better results than directed antifungal treatment, its effectiveness is minimal, it is not innocuous, and it is not very efficient with the use of most antifungal agents. All considered, we believe that the aforementioned recommendation for EAT treatment is unjustified. In its place we propose the application of EAT in patients selected on the basis of clinical criteria and risk factors (AU)
