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1.
Parkinsonism Relat Disord ; 107: 105282, 2023 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36657280

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) is the most common surgical treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). Patient selection and genetic background can modify the response to this treatment. The objective of this study was to compare both clinical and pharmacologic response of STN-DBS between patients with monogenic forms of PD and non-mutation carriers with idiopathic PD. METHODS: A retrospective analysis among 23 carriers of genetic mutations (8 PRKN and 15 LRRK2) and 74 patients with idiopathic PD was performed. The study included comparisons of Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) II and III scores, Schwab and England (S&E) scale values, Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y) stage scores, and equivalent doses of levodopa before and after the surgery (at 6 and 12 months) between both groups. RESULTS: The mean age at the time in which STN-DBS was performed was 59.5 ± 8.6. Linear mixed models showed the absence of statistically significant differences between mutation and non-mutation carriers regarding levodopa doses (p = 0.576), UPDRS II (p = 0.956) and III (p = 0.512) scores, and S&E scale scores (0.758). The only difference between the two groups was observed with respect to H&Y stage in OFF medication/ON stimulation status being lower in genetic PD at 6 months after surgery (p = 0.030). CONCLUSION: Clinical and pharmacological benefit of bilateral STN-DBS is similar in PRKN and LRRK2 mutation carriers and patients with idiopathic PD.


Subject(s)
Deep Brain Stimulation , Parkinson Disease , Subthalamic Nucleus , Humans , Deep Brain Stimulation/methods , Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2/genetics , Levodopa/therapeutic use , Parkinson Disease/therapy , Parkinson Disease/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Subthalamic Nucleus/surgery , Treatment Outcome
2.
Rev Neurol ; 52(6): 366-70, 2011 Mar 16.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21387253

ABSTRACT

Cluster headache is included in the group of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. Although the pathophysiology of cluster headache has not yet been sufficiently established, the theory of a central origin tells us that this headache is produced by hypothalamic dysfunction. More than 50 patients have been treated with deep brain stimulation of the posterior nucleus of the hypothalamus from 2001. The results show clinical improvement in more than 60% of the cases, opening a promising issue for the treatment of the cluster headache persistent after medical treatment. The surgical target that have been used until now is based on the origin of the cluster headache in the hypothalamic dysfunction. Nevertheless, It has still some open questions as the lack of proving the posterior nucleus of the hypothalamus is the real origin of the cluster headache, the lack of consensus about the anatomy of the surgical target and the variability of the structures stimulated with the surgery. The aim of this article is a review of the target used and propose another surgical target based on physiopathological concepts to explain the improvement with the deep brain stimulation in these patients.


Subject(s)
Cluster Headache/therapy , Deep Brain Stimulation/methods , Hypothalamus, Posterior/anatomy & histology , Hypothalamus, Posterior/surgery , Cluster Headache/physiopathology , Humans , Hypothalamus, Posterior/physiopathology , Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias/physiopathology , Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias/therapy
3.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 52(6): 366-370, 16 mar., 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-87166

ABSTRACT

La cefalea en racimos pertenece al grupo de las cefalalgias trigeminales autosómicas. Aunque su fisiopatología no está suficientemente clara, se cree que una disfunción hipotalámica es la causante de este tipo de cefaleas. Desde 001 se ha tratado a más de 50 pacientes con estimulación cerebral en el hipotálamo posterior. Los resultados obtenidos hasta la fecha son de mejoría en más del 60% de los casos y se ha abierto un camino prometedor para el tratamiento de la cefalea en racimos crónica rebelde a tratamiento farmacológico. La diana quirúrgica utilizada hasta ahora se basa en la disfunción del hipotálamo posteroinferior como origen de la cefalea en racimos; sin embargo, hay varias cuestiones no resueltas como son, entre otras, la falta de demostración de que el hipotálamo posteroinferior es el generador de las cefaleas, no existe un consenso sobre la anatomía de la diana quirúrgica y la variabilidad de estructuras anatómicas neuroestimuladas en estos pacientes. El objetivo de este artículo es hacer una revisión crítica de la diana utilizada en esta patología y proponer, sobre la base de conceptos fisiopatológicos, otra diana que explique el efecto beneficioso de la estimulación cerebral profunda en estos pacientes (AU)


Cluster headache is included in the group of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. Although the pathophysiology of cluster headache has not yet been sufficiently established, the theory of a central origin tells us that this headache is produced by hypothalamic dysfunction. More than 50 patients have been treated with deep brain stimulation of the posterior nucleus of the hypothalamus from 2001. The results show clinical improvement in more than 60% of the cases, opening a promising issue for the treatment of the cluster headache persistent after medical treatment. The surgical target that have been used until now is based on the origin of the cluster headache in the hypothalamic dysfunction. Nevertheless, It has still some open questions as the lack of proving the posterior nucleus of the hypothalamus is the real origin of the cluster headache, the lack of consensus about the anatomy of the surgical target and the variability of the structures stimulated with the surgery. The aim of this article is a review of the target used and propose another surgical target based on physiopathological concepts to explain the improvement with the deep brain stimulation in these patients (AU)


Subject(s)
Deep Brain Stimulation/methods , Cluster Headache/therapy , Hypothalamus, Posterior/physiopathology , Medial Forebrain Bundle/physiopathology
4.
Rev Neurol ; 45(7): 424-8, 2007.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17918109

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has an incidence in general population of 1.5-3%. If we consider as a positive respond a diminution of the 25-35% in the symptoms of OCD according to the Y-BOCS, and we add the cognitive-behavioral therapy to the pharmacological treatment, only a 40-60% of treated patients would have significant improvement and a 10% of patients with OCD, would be refractory to all type of medical treatment. DEVELOPMENT: Current neurosurgical techniques for resistant cases of OCD interrupt the connections between the frontal lobes and subcortical structures (cingulotomy, capsulotomy). These techniques are ablative and irreversible. It shows the importance of finding a less aggressive technique with better clinical results. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an alternative to traditional neurosurgery based in neuromodulation methods. It's considered that the physiopathology of the OCD consists of a dysfunction of the direct and indirect vias that control the extrapiramidal limbic circuit. On the other hand, it had been obtained positive results after DBS of the subthalamic nucleus of three patients with Parkinson's disease and OCD. CONCLUSION: This article has as target the demonstration that bilateral DBS of the limbic part of the subthalamic nucleus is an alternative for the treatment of refractory OCD.


Subject(s)
Deep Brain Stimulation , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/therapy , Humans , Models, Theoretical , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/epidemiology , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/physiopathology
5.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 45(7): 424-428, 1 oct., 2007. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-65925

ABSTRACT

La incidencia del trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC) en la población general es del 1,5-3%, y secalcula que sólo un 40-60% de los pacientes tratados farmacológicamente tiene mejoría significativa, y un 10% de ellos es refractario a dicho tratamiento. Actualmente, el TOC tiene dos tipos de tratamiento neuroquirúrgico: uno ablativo (cingulotomía,capsulotomía) y otro neuromodulador –estimulación cerebral profunda (ECP)–. Desarrollo. Partiendo del hecho de que la fisiopatología del TOC consiste en una disfunción de las vías directa e indirecta que regulan el circuito límbico extrapiramidal,y de los resultados clínicos de tres pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson y TOC que, tras recibir ECP en el núcleo subtalámico, han mejorado de las dos patologías, proponemos el área límbica del núcleo subtalámico como diana quirúrgicapara la ECP en el TOC. Las coordenadas estereotáxicas sugeridas serían: x, 8-9 mm lateral a la línea media comisura anterior-comisura posterior; y, 1 mm por delante del punto intermedio comisural; z, 3 mm por debajo de la línea media comisuraanterior-comisura posterior. Conclusión. Este artículo tiene como objetivo demostrar que la ECP bilateral de la parte límbica de los núcleos subtalámicos puede ser una alternativa para el tratamiento del TOC refractario a tratamiento farmacológico


The obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has an incidence in general population of 1.5-3%. If we consider as a positive respond a diminution of the 25-35% in the symptoms of OCD according to the Y-BOCS, and we add thecognitive-behavioral therapy to the pharmacological treatment, only a 40-60% of treated patients would have significant improvement and a 10% of patients with OCD, would be refractory to all type of medical treatment. Development. Current neurosurgical techniques for resistant cases of OCD interrupt the connections between the frontal lobes and subcortical structures (cingulotomy, capsulotomy). These techniques are ablative and irreversible. It shows the importance of finding a less aggressive technique with better clinical results. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an alternative to traditional neurosurgery based in neuromodulation methods. It’s considered that the physiopathology of the OCD consists of a dysfunction of the direct and indirect vias that control the extrapiramidal limbic circuit. On the other hand, it had been obtained positiveresults after DBS of the subthalamic nucleus of three patients with Parkinson’s disease and OCD. Conclusion. This article has as target the demonstration that bilateral DBS of the limbic part of the subthalamic nucleus is an alternative for the treatmentof refractory OCD


Subject(s)
Humans , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/therapy , Electric Stimulation Therapy/methods , Psychosurgery/methods , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/physiopathology , Neurotransmitter Agents/pharmacology , Limbic System
6.
Bol. pediatr ; 41(177): 195-200, 2001. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-5849

ABSTRACT

Se describe el caso clínico de una niña de 5 años con ausencia total del lenguaje, hiperactividad y crisis paroxísticas compatibles con crisis epilépticas parciales complejas con automatismos orofaríngeos. En el EEG de vigilia se constataron puntas y complejos punta-onda bifrontales y, en el videoEEG durante sueño fisiológico, se objetivó actividad continua generalizada de complejos punta-onda, especialmente durante el sueño lento (fases III-IV), confirmando el diagnóstico de afasia epiléptica adquirida. En este síndrome se asocian la agnosia auditiva verbal y la epilepsia, confirmándose el diagnóstico con el hallazgo en el EEG de punta-onda continua durante más del 80 por ciento del sueño lento. La evolución es desfavorable, porque se asocian graves trastornos de la conducta y afectación cognitiva, y por la resistencia de este cuadro electroclínico a todo tipo de terapias. El interés de este caso clínico reside en confirmar la remisión espectacular de sus síntomas al asociar valproato y etosuximida, pauta terapéutica descrita por nosotros anteriormente (AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Child, Preschool , Humans , Landau-Kleffner Syndrome/diagnosis , Landau-Kleffner Syndrome/drug therapy , Electroencephalography/methods , Valproic Acid/therapeutic use , Ethosuximide/therapeutic use , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy, Combination
7.
Bol. pediatr ; 40(171): 39-42, 2000. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-3381

ABSTRACT

El estatus eléctrico durante el sueño lento, es un cuadro electroclínico raro que se caracteriza por la asociación de varios tipos de crisis epilépticas, parciales o generalizadas casi siempre en el transcurso del sueño, así como por la existencia de ausencias atípicas en vigilia y un patrón electroencefalográfico formado por complejos punta-onda difusos y continuos, debiendo de ocupar por lo menos el 85 por ciento del trazado y que aparecen meses o años después de la primera crisis, es decir, debe de producirse durante el sueño un estado de mal eléctrico sin clínica acompañante. Se acompaña el cuadro de trastornos neuropsicológicos diversos que suelen regresar al igual que la desaparición de las crisis y la normalización del EEG entre los 8 y 15 años de edad. Describimos el caso de una niña que ingresa por sufrir una crisis convulsiva generalizad y en cuya evolución, se registran al inicio crisis parciales, crisis unilaterales y ausencias atípicas con anomalías tanto focales como generalizadas en el EEG y un status eléctrico con punta-onda continua y generalizada en el sueño que configura el diagnóstico de epilepsia con punta-onda continua durante sueño (EPOCS) (AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Infant , Humans , Epilepsy, Rolandic/physiopathology , Sleep Wake Disorders/physiopathology , Sleep/physiology , Electroencephalography/methods
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