[Demographic aspects of adaptive changes of human immune system in the North]. / Populiatsionnye aspekty adaptivnykh izmenenii immunnoi sistemy cheloveka na Severe.

The dynamics of an immunotypological structure in migrants in Magadan was studied in relation to the duration of residence in the North. The changes were assessed by the integrated immune heterogeneity index, the atypic immune status index, frequencies of some immune phenotypes, the prevalence of clinical immunopathological signs and HLA Class 1 antigen distribution in the groups of the examinees. The dynamics of the immunotypological structure of migrants to the North was shown to have regular features depending upon the duration of "life in the North", some certain time-dependent, qualitative and quantitative characteristics. The mechanisms of some changes in the population immune structure and their role in the adaptation of northern newcomers to extreme ecological conditions are discussed.

[Assessment of interleukin-1 beta mRNA expression in the norm and pathology]. / Otsenka ékspressii mRNK interleikina-1beta v norme i pri patologii.

We investigated cytoplasmic RNA from the peripheral blood cells of pollinosis patients. Increased levels of IL-I mRNA were registered in neutrophils of patients suffering from pollinosis for a long time. Neutrophils from patients at the time of exacerbation of pollinosis responded to stimuli less than the cells from healthy donors. During remission the activated neutrophils from pollinosis patients and those from healthy donors had same levels of IL-I mRNA.

[Evaluation of the activity of cytokine genes--a new diagnostic test in immunology]. / Otsenka aktivnosti genov tsitokinov--novyi diagnosticheskii test v immunologii.

The increased level of IL-1 mRNA was discovered in neutrophils of patients suffering from pollinosis for a long time and responding poorly to specific immunotherapy. Moreover, neutrophils from patients with exacerbation of pollinosis responded to stimuli less than cells from healthy donors. In remission, the activated neutrophils from pollinosis patients and healthy donors had the same levels of IL-1b mRNA. Tumor necrosis factor alpha expression was unchanged in neutrophils of pollinosis patients. Changes in the status of cells from patients were detected with a simple procedure of dot hybridization. Peripheral blood cells were used as available material. This allows one to hope that the approach can be used for analyzing the patients' immune status in choosing the treatment course as well as for controlling the treatment effect.

[Functional properties of B-lymphocytes of patients with a B-cell variant of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and chronic glomerulonephritis]. / Funktsional'nye svoistva B-limfotsitov bol'nykh B-kletochnym variantom khronicheskogo limfoleikoza i khronicheskim glomerulonefritom.

The common features of the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) have been shown as a result of a comprehensive study of the functional properties of B cells. Both CLL and CGN are accompanied by the appearance and accumulation of different types of activated B cells characterized by high spontaneous proliferation and/or Ig secretion; or sensitivity to T cell growth and differentiation factors; or capacity for Ig secretion; in mitomycin C treated B cell cultures (i.e. without previous proliferation). The present data may be useful in the integral evaluation of B cell function in health and in immunopathologies (lymphoproliferative and autoimmune/immune complex diseases).

[Causes of development and the role of immunodeficiency in trauma]. / Prichiny vozniknoveniia i rol' immunodefitsita pri travme.

The authors provide evidence for a concept of pathogenetic heterogeneity of posttraumatic immunodeficiency, analyze the causes and mechanisms underlying the development of cellular, combined or humoral immunodeficiency having different (sano-, genetic or pathogenetic) influence) in trauma. Cellular immunodeficiency marked by suppression of cellular effector functions is considered as a sanogenetic factor stimulating reparation processes and protecting from infection via humoral immunity activation. Combined immunodeficiency with suppressed humoral and cellular effector functions forms a pathogenetic basis for infectious complications of trauma. Humoral immunodeficiency marked by suppression of humoral effector functions and activation of cellular effector functions underlies inhibition of reparation processes and autodermograft lysis after autoplasty.

[The interleukin-1 activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients]. / Aktivnost' interleikina-1 u bol'nykh revmatoidnym artritom.

In 25 healthy subjects and 47 patients with RA production of interleukin-1 was studied. Increase in the production of interleukin-1 in the supernatants of nonstimulated monocyte cultures was observed in RA patients and more frequently in patients with high activity of the inflammatory process.

[A system of assessing interleukin-2-dependent activation of B-lymphocytes]. / Sistema otsenki interleikin-2-zavisimoi aktivatsii B-limfotsitov.

The peripheral blood B-lymphocyte responsiveness to interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been studied in healthy donors. Unstimulated B-cells proliferated moderately in response to IL-2, this being not associated with an increase of TAC-positive cells. Phytolacca mitogen did not stimulate purified B-cells to proliferation and did not influence TAC expression and responsiveness to IL-2. S. aureus mitogen (SAC) provided a maximum proliferation in response to IL-2 with a dramatic increase of TAC expression. Simultaneous estimation of unstimulated and SAC-preactivated B-lymphocyte responses to IL-2, together with scintillation of TAC-positive cells, helps determine the degree of a possible injury to IL-2 receptor.

[Immunologic and immunogenetic heterogeneity of systemic and discoid lupus erythematosus]. / Immunologicheskaia i immunogeneticheskaia raznorodnost' sistemnoi i diskoidnoi krasnoi volchanki.

The immune and endocrine systems and HLA genotype were subjected to a comparative study in patients with systemic and discoid lupus erythematosus (SLE, DLE). The patients suffering from these diseases were found to differ in a number of the parameters of the immune status including the content in blood serum and supernatant of the cultivated mononuclear cells of the soluble molecules HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DR. The degree of the SLE and DLE association with the genes and haplotypes of class I HLA complex was different as was the character of the association of HLA-A and HLA-B specificities with the activity of the immune system cells and with hydrocortisone content in plasma. The common immunogenetic syndrome characteristic of SLE and DLE patients has been identified.

[Time dependence of the shedding of class I and II HLA antigens. Interrelation of the fluctuations of HLA-antigen shedding and 51Cr-labeled macromolecules]. / Zavisimost' shedinga HLA-antigenov I i II klassov ot vremeni. Sviaz' kolebanii shedinga HLA-antigenov i mechennykh 51Cr makromolekul.

Soluble HLA-A, -B and -DR antigens were determined every 10 min with a rate nephelometry method in supernatants of human mononuclear cells cultured for 3 hrs. The time-dependent oscillations in the quantity of soluble HLA antigens with ultradian (circadian) rhythm characteristics were found. Quantity oscillations of HLA-A antigens were synphase to HLA-B ones and antiphase to HLA-DR antigens. Amplitude characteristics were found to depend on the temperature and cytoskeleton activity.

[Effect of hydrocortisone on superoxide radical production by phagocytosing spleen cells]. / Vliianie gidrokortizona na produktsiiu superoksidnogo radikala fagotsitiruiushchimi kletkami selezenki.

Superoxide radical production by mouse phagocytic spleen cells was shown to be essentially increased 2 hours following intraperitoneal injection of hydrocortisone acetate at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight. The addition of hydrocortisone to the suspension of mouse spleen cells has resulted in linear dependence of hormone concentration in the incubation medium on the maximum rate of superoxide radical production. The mechanism of hydrocortisone stimulating effect on the activity of plasma membrane-located NAD(P)H-oxidase of phagocytic cells is being discussed.

[Regulation of the natural killer activity of lymphocytes from healthy donors and patients with chronic lympholeukemia through the interaction of T- and non-T cells]. / Reguliatsiia natural'noi killernoi aktivnosti limfotsitov zdovorykh donorov i bol'nykh khronicheskim limfoleikozom putem vzaimodeistvii T- i ne-T-kletok.

The role of T- and B-cell cooperative interaction in the regulation of natural killer (NK) activity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied. It has been shown that preincubation of normal donor mononuclear cells (MNC) for 48 h is followed by the loss of NK activity, while the incubation of the isolated T- and non-T-cell subsets does not lead to an analogous fall in the killer lymphocyte function. NK activity of MNC and isolated lymphocyte subsets in normal donors is shown to exceed that of CLL patients. The absence of preincubation effect on NK activity level of MNC, T- and non-T-cells in CLL patients has been also found. The findings obtained suggest that as a result of T- and B-cell interaction during preincubation differentiation of young T lymphocytes with NK cellular properties takes place. It is followed by the loss in NK activity. B-cell defect in CLL patients might cause the absence of preincubation effect on NK activity of T cells.

[Effect of microsomal monooxygenase inductor zixoryn on clinico-immunologic indicators in allergologic patients]. / Vliianie induktora mikrosomal'nykh monooksigenaz ziksorina na kliniko-immunologicheskie pokazateli u allergologicheskikh bol'nykh.

Zixorine, an inducer of microsomal monoxygenases, can effectively be used for the treatment of patients with allergic dermatoses. It has been established that zixorine makes the NBT-test and the IgE content in the blood serum of these patients return to normal.

[Interrelation of diurnal rhythms of recirculation of lymphocytes and their synthesis of cAMP]. / Vzaimosviaz' sutochnykh ritmov retsirkuliatsi limfotsitov i sinteza v nikh tsAMF.

The correlative analysis of diurnal rhythms of cell number and adenylate cyclase cellular activity was performed in the thymus, spleen and peripheral blood of Swiss mice, intact or thymectomized at the age of 3 months. The existence of somehow synchronized diurnal rhythms of cAMP exchange and cell recirculation was found in the peripheral lymphocyte pool and in the thymus. Diurnal rhythm of cAMP synthesis in peripheral lymphocytes was regulated by the thymus. Thymectomy led to desynchronization of recirculating processes and cyclic nucleotide metabolism in immunocompetent cells.

[Determination of a factor inhibiting migration of leukocytes to brain antigens, its concentration in serum and spontaneous leukocyte migration in multiple sclerosis]. / Opredelenie faktora tormozheniia migratsii leikotsitov k tkanevym antigenam mozga, soderzhanie ego v syvorotke krovi i spontannaia migratsiia leikotsitov pri rasseiannom skleroze.

The authors examined 58 patients with multiple sclerosis and 56 healthy donors. The patients presented elevated production of the migration inhibition factor (MIF) by lymphoid cells to cerebral tissue antigens, most expressed in the acute period of the disease. The blood serum of patients with multiple sclerosis showed inhibitory activity, lymphocytes spontaneously produced the MIF in vitro. Hyperproduction of lymphokins may serve as one of the pathogenetic factors of generalization of the inflammatory process in the central nervous system in patients with multiple sclerosis and indicates impaired regulation of immunity.