Research on bacterial community characteristics of traditional fermented yak milk in the Tibetan Plateau based on high-throughput sequencing.

Background: The Tibetan Plateau has an abundance of yak milk resources. The complex microbiota found in traditional fermented yak milk produced and sold by local Tibetans endows the yak milk with unique quality characteristics such as tissue morphology, flavor, and function. However, the diversity of bacterial flora in traditional fermented yak milk have not been elucidated. Methods: In this study, 15 samples of fermented yak milk were collected for 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing to analyze the bacterial community composition and function. Results: After filtering for quality, 792,642 high-quality sequences were obtained, and 13 kinds of different phyla and 82 kinds of different genera were identified, of which the phylum Firmicutes (98.94%) was the dominant phylum, Lactobacillus (64.73%) and Streptococcus (28.48%) were identified as the dominant genus, in addition, the bacterial community richness and diversity were higher in Manang Village, followed by Bola Village. Bacterial community richness and diversity in Huage Village were relatively low. Based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional classification, the microorganisms in traditional fermented yak milk have rich metabolic functions (77.60%). These findings suggest that a large number of bacteria in traditional fermented yak milk contain abundant metabolic genes and can carry out a variety of growth and metabolic activities. This study established a theoretical foundation for further exploring the microbial flora of traditional fermented yak milk in Gannan.

An Improved Human-Body-Segmentation Algorithm with Attention-Based Feature Fusion and a Refined Stereo-Matching Scheme Working at the Sub-Pixel Level for the Anthropometric System.

This paper proposes an improved human-body-segmentation algorithm with attention-based feature fusion and a refined corner-based feature-point design with sub-pixel stereo matching for the anthropometric system. In the human-body-segmentation algorithm, four CBAMs are embedded in the four middle convolution layers of the backbone network (ResNet101) of PSPNet to achieve better feature fusion in space and channels, so as to improve accuracy. The common convolution in the residual blocks of ResNet101 is substituted by group convolution to reduce model parameters and computational cost, thereby optimizing efficiency. For the stereo-matching scheme, a corner-based feature point is designed to obtain the feature-point coordinates at sub-pixel level, so that precision is refined. A regional constraint is applied according to the characteristic of the checkerboard corner points, thereby reducing complexity. Experimental results demonstrated that the anthropometric system with the proposed CBAM-based human-body-segmentation algorithm and corner-based stereo-matching scheme can significantly outperform the state-of-the-art system in accuracy. It can also meet the national standards GB/T 2664-2017, GA 258-2009 and GB/T 2665-2017; and the textile industry standards FZ/T 73029-2019, FZ/T 73017-2014, FZ/T 73059-2017 and FZ/T 73022-2019.

Cyclosporin A protects Balb/c mice from liver damage induced by superan tigen SEB and D-GalN.

AIM:To investigate the pathogenic effect of SEB and D-GalN on liver and the protection of cyclosporin A, the relationship between hepatic apoptosis and necrosis and the possible mechanism of acute hepatic necrosis.METHODS:After staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) mixed with D-galactosamine (D-GalN) were injected intraperitoneally into Balb/c mice and those previously treated with cyclosporin A, blood samples were collected and livers were isolated at 2, 6, 12, 24h. Patterns of hepatocellular death were studied morphologically and biochemically, circulating cytokines (TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma) and mice mortality within 24h was assessed.RESULTS: The SEB could induce the typical apoptotic changes of hepatocytes, the D-GalN could induce hepatocytes apoptosis and degeneration at the same time, and the mice having received the SEB+D-GalN injections developed apoptosis at 2 and 6h, but after 12h hepatocytes were characterized by severe injury, whereas all the examinations in the cyclosporin A treated mice were normal.CONCLUSION:Hepatic cell apoptosis might be related to necrosis, and massive hepatocyte apoptosis is likely the initiating step of acute hepatic necrosis in mice. The effects induced by SEB and D-GalN on hepatocytes might be mediated by T cells, and could be prevented by cyclosporin A.