ABSTRACT
The primary pollutants in cereal products are aflatoxins B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEN), and deoxynivalenol (DON). In this study, anti-AFB1 MAb (4C9), anti-ZEN MAb (2A3), and anti-DON MAb (1F10) were developed and used in time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay microfluidics to determine AFB1, ZEN, and DON in agricultural products. The linear range for AFB1, ZEN, and DON were 0.05~2.2 µg/kg, 1.45~375.75 µg/kg, and 11.1~124.2 µg/kg, respectively. In maize, the recoveries of AFB1/ZEN/DON were 92~101%, 102~105%, and 103~108%, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography and the proposed approach had a good correlation. Time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay microfluidics is a highly efficient and sensitive field detection method for fungal toxins in agricultural products.
ABSTRACT
A novel and efficient immunoaffinity column (IAC) based on bispecific monoclonal antibody (BsMAb) recognizing aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) was prepared and applied in simultaneous extraction of AFB1 and OTA from food samples and detection of AFB1/OTA combined with ic-ELISA (indirect competitive ELISA). Two deficient cell lines, hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl-transferase (HGPRT) deficient anti-AFB1 hybridoma cell line and thymidine kinase (TK) deficient anti-OTA hybridoma cell line, were fused to generate a hybrid-hybridoma producing BsMAb against AFB1 and OTA. The subtype of the BsMAb was IgG1 via mouse antibody isotyping kit test. The purity and molecular weight of BsMAb were confirmed by SDS-PAGE method. The cross-reaction rate with AFB2 was 37%, with AFG1 15%, with AFM1 48%, with AFM2 10%, and with OTB 36%. Negligible cross-reaction was observed with other tested compounds. The affinity constant (Ka) was determined by ELISA. The Ka (AFB1) and Ka (OTA) was 2.43 × 108 L/mol and 1.57 × 108 L/mol, respectively. Then the anti-AFB1/OTA BsMAb was coupled with CNBr-Sepharose, and an AFB1/OTA IAC was prepared. The coupling time and elution conditions of IAC were optimized. The coupling time was 1 h with 90% coupling rate, the eluent was methanol-water (60:40, v:v, pH 2.3) containing 1 mol/L NaCl, and the eluent volume was 4 mL. The column capacities of AFB1 and OTA were 165.0 ng and 171.3 ng, respectively. After seven times of repeated use, the preservation rates of column capacity for AFB1 and OTA were 69.3% and 68.0%, respectively. The ic-ELISA for AFB1 and OTA were applied combined with IAC. The IC50 (50% inhibiting concentration) of AFB1 was 0.027 ng/mL, the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.004 ng/mL (0.032 µg/kg), and the linear range was 0.006 ng/mL~0.119 ng/mL. The IC50 of OTA was 0.878 ng/mL, the LOD was 0.126 ng/mL (1.008 µg/kg), and the linear range was 0.259 ng/mL~6.178 ng/mL. Under optimum conditions, corn and wheat samples were pretreated with AFB1-OTA IAC. The recovery rates of AFB1 and OTA were 95.4%~105.0% with ic-ELISA, and the correlations between the detection results and LC-MS were above 0.9. The developed IAC combined with ic-ELISA is reliable and could be applied to the detection of AFB1 and OTA in grains.
