Mining Non-Redundant Co-Location Patterns.

Co-location pattern mining refers to discovering neighboring relationships of spatial features distributed in geographic space. With the rapid growth of spatial datasets, the usefulness of co-location patterns is strongly limited by the large number of discovered patterns containing multiple redundancies. To address this problem, in this article, we propose a novel approach for discovering the super participation index-closed (SPI-closed) co-location patterns which are a newly proposed lossless condensed representation of co-location patterns by considering distributions of the spatial instances. In the proposed approach, first, a linear-time method is designed to generate complete and correct neighboring cliques using extended neighboring relationships. Based on these cliques, a hash structure is then constructed to store the distributions of the co-location patterns in a condensed way. Finally, using this hash structure, the SPI-closed co-location patterns (SCPs) are efficiently discovered even if the prevalence threshold is changed, while similar approaches have to restart their mining processes. To confirm the efficiency of the proposed method, we compared its performance with similar approaches in the literature on multiple real and synthetic spatial datasets. The experiments confirm that our new approach is more efficient, effective, and flexible than similar approaches.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazole derivatives as androgen receptor antagonists.

A novel series of 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against two prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP and PC-3) and androgen receptor target gene prostate-specific antigen (PSA) inhibitory activity in LNCaP cells. Several compounds showed potent antiproliferative activity against LNCaP cells and showed a promising PSA downregulation rate. Among these, compound 10e selectively inhibited LNCaP cell growth with an IC50 value of 18 µmol/l and showed a PSA downregulation rate of 46%, which was better than the lead compound T3.

Construction of ß-mannosidic bonds via gold(I)-catalyzed glycosylations with mannopyranosyl ortho-hexynylbenzoates and its application in synthesis of acremomannolipin A.

A mild and convenient protocol for direct synthesis of ß-mannosides has been developed. Glycosylation of 4,6-O-benzylidene-protected mannosyl ortho-hexynylbenzoates with various alcohol acceptors catalyzed by gold(I) complex proceeded smoothly at 0 °C to room temperature and afforded the corresponding ß-mannoside in high yield and satisfactory stereoselectivity. This reaction was applied to the total synthesis of acremomannolipin A and its analogue.

A versatile cyclic 2,2'-azobenzenophane with a functional handle and its polymers: efficient synthesis and effect of topological structure on chiroptical properties.

Two novel cyclic azobenzenophanes (SC, RC) with functional handles have been synthesized efficiently by a Glaser coupling reaction. Through a Suzuki coupling reaction, alternating ring/linear polymers with rigid (conjugated)/flexible (unconjugated) bridges were obtained from the resultant cyclic azobenzenophanes. The optical activities of linear, cyclic, and macromolecular binaphethyl-azobenzene derivatives were investigated by UV/Vis and circular dichroism (CD) spectra and the time-dependent (TD)-DFT method. Experimental results and theoretical analyses indicated that the cyclic configurations exhibited better chiroptical features than the others, and the reverse conformation and difference of dextro-/levo-rotation of azobenzenophanes were detected by comparing linear and cyclic structures, which provides an opportunity for the optical-rotation-controlled "smart" materials systems in future.

Cyclic amphiphilic random copolymers bearing azobenzene side chains: facile synthesis and topological effects on self-assembly and photoisomerization.

In this article, well-defined cyclic amphiphilic random copolymers bearing azobenzene side chains and pendent carboxyl moieties, cyclic-P(BHMEm -co-AAn )s, are synthesized by combining atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) with Cu(I)-catalyzed azide/alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) "click" reaction and selective hydrolysis of tert-butyl ester. Successful synthesis of the cyclic-P(BHMEm -co-AAn )s is fully characterized and verified via conventional gel permeation chromatography, triple detection gel permeation chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The cyclic topology induces profound effects on the glass transition temperatures, self-assembly behavior, and photoresponsive performance of the copolymers compared with their linear counterparts.