Entrepreneurial fear of failure among college students: A scoping review of literature from 2010 to 2023.

Entrepreneurial fear of failure (EFoF) is a psychological barrier to college entrepreneurship. Current research on EFoF among college students is at an emerging stage, and relevant evidence, such as the factors influencing EFoF, remains unclear and unsystematic. Most EFoF studies treat college students as general entrepreneurs, neglecting their unique social identities and situational contexts that influence their EFoF, such as parents and education. It is essential to provide a thorough and organized review to comprehensively understand the role of the EFoF in college student entrepreneurship. A scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR protocol to offer a broad exploration and mapping of the literature. This review identified 35 studies published from 2010 to 2023 through a rigorous search and sift across five prominent databases. Descriptive and thematic analyses revealed 1) the characteristics of the included studies, 2) the exogenous and endogenous factors that influence college students' EFoF, 3) the outcomes of EFoF on college students, and 4) research gaps. By mapping and synthesizing the literature, this scoping review contributes to the theory by providing a comprehensive overview of EFoF among college students and identifying research gaps, which illuminates future research directions. The findings also offer practical insights for entrepreneurship practitioners, including college student entrepreneurs, policymakers, and educators, to better understand the role of EFoF among college students, thus effectively promoting the development of college student entrepreneurship.

Generation of Slco1a4-CreERT2-tdTomato Knock-in Mice for Specific Cerebrovascular Endothelial Cell Targeting.

The cerebrovascular endothelial cells with distinct characteristics line cerebrovascular blood vessels and are the fundamental structure of the blood-brain barrier, which is important for the development and homeostatic maintenance of the central nervous system. Cre-LoxP system-based spatial gene manipulation in mice is critical for investigating the physiological functions of key factors or signaling pathways in cerebrovascular endothelial cells. However, there is a lack of Cre recombinase mouse lines that specifically target cerebrovascular endothelial cells. Here, using a publicly available single-cell RNAseq database, we screened the solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1a4 (Slco1a4) as a candidate marker of cerebrovascular endothelial cells. Then, we generated an inducible Cre mouse line in which a CreERT2-T2A-tdTomato cassette was placed after the initiation codon ATG of the Slco1a4 locus. We found that tdTomato, which can indicate the endogenous Slco1a4 expression, was expressed in almost all cerebrovascular endothelial cells but not in any other non-endothelial cell types in the brain, including neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, pericytes, smooth muscle cells, and microglial cells, as well as in other organs. Consistently, when crossing the ROSA26LSL-EYFP Cre reporter mouse, EYFP also specifically labeled almost all cerebrovascular endothelial cells upon tamoxifen induction. Overall, we generated a new inducible Cre line that specifically targets cerebrovascular endothelial cells.

TCL1A-expressing B cells are critical for tertiary lymphoid structure formation and the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. Traditional treatments have limited effectiveness. Regulation of the immune response represents a promising new approach for OSCC treatment. B cells are among the most abundant immune cells in OSCC. However, the role of B cells in OSCC treatment has not been fully elucidated. METHODS: Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of 13 tissues and 8 adjacent normal tissues from OSCC patients was performed to explore differences in B-cell gene expression between OSCC tissues and normal tissues. We further investigated the relationship between differentially expressed genes and the immune response to OSCC. We utilized tissue microarray data for 146 OSCC clinical samples and RNA sequencing data of 359 OSCC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to investigate the role of T-cell leukemia 1 A (TCL1A) in OSCC prognosis. Multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) was employed to investigate the spatial distribution of TCL1A in OSCC tissues. We then investigated the effect of TCL1A on B-cell proliferation and trogocytosis. Finally, lentiviral transduction was performed to induce TCL1A overexpression in B lymphoblastoid cell lines (BLCLs) to verify the function of TCL1A. RESULTS: Our findings revealed that TCL1A was predominantly expressed in B cells and was associated with a better prognosis in OSCC patients. Additionally, we found that TCL1A-expressing B cells are located at the periphery of lymphatic follicles and are associated with tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) formation in OSCC. Mechanistically, upregulation of TCL1A promoted the trogocytosis of B cells on dendritic cells by mediating the upregulation of CR2, thereby improving antigen-presenting ability. Moreover, the upregulation of TCL1A expression promoted the proliferation of B cells. CONCLUSION: This study revealed the role of B-cell TCL1A expression in TLS formation and its effect on OSCC prognosis. These findings highlight TCL1A as a novel target for OSCC immunotherapy.

Social anxiety and loneliness among older adults: a moderated mediation model.

BACKGROUND: Few studies have clarified the mechanisms linking social anxiety and loneliness in older populations. The study aimed to explore how social network mediate the relationship between social anxiety and loneliness in older adults, with perceived social support playing a moderating role. METHODS: A total of 454 older patients completed the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale, Lubben Social Network Scale-6, Chinese version of the Short Loneliness Scale and Perceived Social Support Scale. Bootstrap and simple slope methods were used to test the moderated mediation model. RESULTS: Social anxiety had a significant positive predictive effect on loneliness and social network partially mediated this relationship. The relationship between social anxiety and social network, as well as the relationship between social network and loneliness, was moderated by perceived social support. Specifically, perceived social support buffered the effects of social anxiety on social network, but the buffering effect diminished with increasing levels of social anxiety. On the social network and loneliness pathway, the social network of older persons with higher perceived social support has a stronger prediction of loneliness. CONCLUSIONS: The study found that social anxiety can contribute to loneliness by narrowing older adults' social network. High perceived social support can buffer this process, but do not overstate its protective effects. Thus, interventions to reduce social anxiety and improve social network and social support may help prevent and alleviate loneliness in older adults.

Boosting the synergism between cancer ferroptosis and immunotherapy via targeted stimuli-responsive liposomes.

Both ferroptotic therapy and immunotherapy have been widely employed in cancer treatment. However, ferroptotic cell death fails to induce dendritic cells maturation, which limits the therapeutic outcome of ferroptotic cancer therapy. To address this, the current work reports a tailored liposome to establish a positive loop between ferroptotic therapy and immunotherapy. As the key component of liposome, a unique phospholipid is designed to bear two arachidonic acid tails. The liposome is further surface-engineered with fucose ligand and physically encapsulates immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). The tailored liposome shows enhanced cellular uptake in a model 4T1 cell line. Meanwhile, the high level of reactive oxygen species in cancer cells can induce ferroptosis-specific peroxidation of DAPC and trigger the release CpG ODNs. The CpG ODNs further enable the maturation of dendritic cells and enhance the effector function of CD8+ T cells. IFN-γ released from CD8+ T cells promotes cancer cell ferroptosis via inhibiting SLC7A11 and suppressing the biosynthesis of glutathione. The tailored liposome can also act in synergism with PD-L1 antibody, resulting in enhanced anti-cancer efficacy in a 4T1 tumor-bearing mice model. This work provides a promising strategy for cancer treatment through orchestrating ferroptotic therapy and immunotherapy.

Parenting and parent-child home practice during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case in central China.

The current study aims to explore parents' perceptions of parenting and parent-child activities at home with children aged 3-6 during the pandemic in China. A parenting survey was conducted to investigate parental role, age, educational background, work productivity, and different parenting categories during the lockdown period. We also examined the experiences of young children's participation in extracurricular activities before and after the stay-at-home policy was implemented as well as their activities with parents during the lockdown period. The results showed that parents' work productivity affected their perceptions of well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Children spent less time on extracurricular activities during the lockdown period, but some particular activities increased in frequency, especially academic extracurricular activities.

Chondroitin sulfate modified calcium phosphate nanoparticles for efficient transfection via caveolin-mediated endocytosis.

Efficient transfection remains a challenge for gene delivery in both cell biological scientific research and gene therapeutic fields. Existing transfection strategies rarely pay attention to altering the endocytosis pathway of nanocarriers for transfection efficiency improvement. In this work, we innovatively postulated that calcium phosphate nanoparticles coated with glycosaminoglycan could be internalized by cells mainly through caveolin-mediated endocytosis pathway allowing genes to bypass lysosome route, and hence enhance the transfection efficiency. To achieve this, we developed calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CP-ALN-CS) coated with chondroitin sulfate (CS) and alendronate (ALN) in a modular manner. The CP-ALN-CS had a hydrodynamic size of 131.0 ± 8.7 nm and exhibited favorable dispersity, stability, and resistance to nuclease degradation. Unlike conventional calcium phosphate and PEI-based transfection, CP-ALN-CS exhibited efficient cellular uptake with co-localization in Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum. Through bypassing the lysosome involved cellular uptake route, CP-ALN-CS can effectively protect genes from degradation and relieve cytotoxicity. After loading plasmid DNA, CP-ALN-CS showed extraordinary transfection efficiency in HEK 293T cells, outperforming the PEI which is considered as the gold standard. The current work provides a novel and facile approach to improve gene transfection efficiency and is valuable for the design of next-generation in vitro transfection reagents.

Low income is associated with impaired jaw function via anxiety and depression in patients with temporomandibular disorders.

OBJECTIVE: The association between jaw function and income in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) remain unclear. The aim of this study was to explore this association and its relationship with anxiety and depression. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 451 TMD patients, including 361 males and 90 females, participated in this study. The sociodemographic information of patients and their questionnaires including the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9), and Jaw Functional Limitation Scale-8 (JFLS-8) were collected. Patients were divided into the high-income and low-income groups based on a household per capita income of 6000 RMB per month. Multiple regression and mediation analysis were used to explore the association between variables. The bootstrap method was applied to estimate confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Higher JFLS-8 scores were significantly correlated with higher GAD-7 scores (r = 0.361, p < .001), PHQ-9 scores (r = 0.339, p < .001). Females and patients with low income had statistically higher JFLS-8 scores (p < .01, p < .001). Mediation analysis with 10 000 bootstrap simulations revealed a significant direct association between JFLS-8 scores and income (-2.920, 95% CI [-4.757, -1.044], p = .002). A significant indirect association of JFLS-8 scores with income via GAD-7 scores and PHQ-9 scores was also observed (-0.889, 95% CI [-1.728, -0.164], p = .025), accounting for 23.3% of the total association. CONCLUSIONS: Low income is associated with impaired jaw function via anxiety and depression in patients with TMD. Clinicians may need to pay more attention to the psychological status of low-income TMD patients in clinical practice.

Virtual interdisciplinary collaboration during the COVID-19 pandemic: pain and joy in an international joint university.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought interdisciplinary academics and research students many uncertainties and challenges in adapting to new communication styles. Compared with other academics in the same field, interdisciplinary academics might face more challenges in transitioning from traditional face-to-face communication to virtual communication. Objective: This study aimed to explore the pain and joy of using Western and Chinese localized communication channels in experienced interdisciplinary academics (N = 10) and young research students (N = 14) during the pandemic. Among them, 14 are Europeans and 10 are Chinese. Method: Meeting records and participants' reflective writing were used as qualitative data. Results: We identified five key themes: two were tied to personal and behavioral issues, two were involved in management issues, and one dealt with topic choice issues. Conclusion: Considering that virtual interdisciplinary teamwork is likely to continue in the post-pandemic period, it is necessary to implement measures such as technical training and voluntary assistants to help alleviate some of the issues that make virtual meetings difficult for participants. Study limitations and future directions are also discussed.

Astragaloside IV for Heart Failure: Preclinical Evidence and Possible Mechanisms, A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the cardioprotective effects of astragaloside IV (AS-IV) in heart failure (HF). METHODS: PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wanfang Database, Chinese Bio-medical Literature and Retrieval System (SinoMed), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched from inception to November 1, 2021 for animal experiments to explore AS-IV in treating HF in rats or mice. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD), left ventricular weight-to-body weight (LVW/BW) and B-type brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were recorded. The qualities of included studies were assessed by the risk of bias according to the Cochrane handbook. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 13.0. RESULTS: Twenty-one articles involving 558 animals were considered. Compared with the control group, AS-IV improved cardiac function, specifically by increasing LVEF (mean difference (MD)=6.97, 95% confidence interval (CI)=5.92 to 8.03, P<0.05; fixed effects model) and LVFS (MD=7.01, 95% CI=5.84 to 8.81, P<0.05; fixed effects model), and decreasing LVEDD (MD=-4.24, 95% CI=-4.74 to -3.76, P<0.05; random effects model) and LVESD (MD=-4.18, 95% CI=-5.26 to -3.10, P<0.05; fixed effects model). In addition, the BNP and LVW/BW levels were decreased in the AS-IV treatment group (MD=-9.18, 95% CI=-14.13 to -4.22, P<0.05; random effects model; MD=-1.91, 95% CI=-2.42 to -1.39, P<0.05; random effects model). CONCLUSIONS: AS-IV is a promising therapeutic agent for HF. However, this conclusion needs to be clinically validated in the future.

Anti-inflammatory Therapy Progress in Major Adverse Cardiac Events after PCI: Chinese and Western Medicine.

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the leading causes of death in cardiovascular disease. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is an important method for the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD), and it has greatly reduced the mortality of ACS patients since its application. However, a series of new problems may occur after PCI, such as in-stent restenosis, no-reflow phenomenon, in-stent neoatherosclerosis, late stent thrombosis, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and malignant ventricular arrhythmias, which result in the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) that seriously reduce the postoperative benefit for patients. The inflammatory response is a key mechanism of MACE after PCI. Therefore, examining effective anti-inflammatory therapies after PCI in patients with ACS is a current research focus to reduce the incidence of MACE. The pharmacological mechanism and clinical efficacy of routine Western medicine treatment for the anti-inflammatory treatment of CHD have been verified. Many Chinese medicine (CM) preparations have been widely used in the treatment of CHD. Basic and clinical studies showed that effectiveness of the combination of CM and Western medicine treatments in reducing incidence of MACE after PCI was better than Western medicine treatment alone. The current paper reviewed the potential mechanism of the inflammatory response and occurrence of MACE after PCI in patients with ACS and the research progress of combined Chinese and Western medicine treatments in reducing incidence of MACE. The results provide a theoretical basis for further research and clinical treatment.

The associations between social environment and adolescents' psychosomatic health: An ecological perspective.

Objectives: It has been known that social environments are associated with adolescents' health. However, the complex relationship between diverse types of social environments and adolescents' psychosomatic heath remained unclear. Thus, using an ecological perspective, the current study aimed to examine the associations between social environment and adolescents' psychosomatic health. Methods: We used the data from the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) project conducted in the Czech Republic in 2018. A total of 13377 observations were included. Results: The region, as a macrosystem, could not explain the variance in adolescents' psychological and somatic health. The quality of neighborhood environment (exosystem) was significantly related to adolescents' psychological and somatic health. At the microsystem level, teacher support had stronger, family support had weaker, and peer support had no association with psychological and somatic health. At the mesosystem level, the interactions between family, teacher, and friend support were negligible for adolescents' psychological and somatic health. Conclusions: The results underscore the importance of teachers' support and neighborhood environment for adolescents' psychosomatic health. Therefore, the findings suggest the need to improve teacher-adolescent relationships and the neighborhood community quality.

Social Media Web 2.0 Tools Adoption in Language and Literacy Development in Early Years: A Scoping Review.

Social media tools are increasingly used in child's language and literacy development in early years. However, few researchers shed light on effectiveness and the practice that the EC professionals and teachers have adopted in ECE settings and other related contexts. This scoping review synthesized and evaluated the literature on social media integration in language and literacy development in ECE in the last decade, to provide a clearer picture on what social media tools were used, how they were used, and whether they were effective. Results showed that a wide-range of social media tools were used in diverse learning activities; however, few studies designed the learning activities with the guidance of an evidence-based teaching method or pedagogical framework.

Oral magnesium sulphate administration in rats with minimal hepatic encephalopathy: NMR-based metabolic characterization of the brain

Objective: To investigate the metabolic changes in rats with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) treated with oral magnesium sulphate administration. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a control group and MHE group (further divided into an MHE group and an MHE-Mg group treated with oral administration of 124 mg/kg/day magnesium sulphate). Morris water maze (MWM), Y maze and narrow beam walking (NBW) were used to evaluate cognitive and motor functions. Brain manganese and magnesium content were measured. The metabolic changes in rats with MHE were investigated using hydrogen-nuclear magnetic resonance. Metabolomic signatures were identified with enrichment and pathway analysis. Results: A significantly decreased number of entries into the MWM within the range of interest, longer latency and total time during NBW, and higher brain manganese content were found in rats with MHE. After magnesium sulphate treatment, the rats with MHE had better behavioural performance and lower brain manganese content. The 25 and 26 metabolomic signatures were identified in the cortex and striatum of rats with MHE. The pathway analysis revealed alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism as the major abnormal metabolic pathways associated with these metabolomic signatures. Conclusion: Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism are major abnormal metabolic pathways in rats with MHE, which could be restored by magnesium sulphate treatment.

Exploring social media technologies for novice EFL school teachers to collaborate and communicate: A case in the Czech Republic.

With an increasing number of international schools, traditional EFL teaching methods may not satisfy students' needs. This study aims to investigate perceptions of social media technologies (e.g., Web 2.0) and willingness to adopt such technologies to collaborate and communicate in multicultural classrooms among novice EFL schoolteachers in the Czech Republic. The participants were 100 novice EFL schoolteachers in Prague and the South Moravian regions of the Czech Republic. The study used a mixed research method consisting of a survey (stage 1) and a semi-structured interview (stage 2). The survey examined the participants' appraisal and concerns of using social media technologies to collaborate and to communicate as well as the level of willingness to use social media technologies. A hierarchical cluster analysis using participants' responses regarding their attitudes and behavioural tendency towards using Web 2.0 social media technologies in language classrooms identified three clusters of teachers. The teachers who were most likely to adopt social Web 2.0 technologies were those who had the highest ratings on both appraisals and concerns regarding the use of social media in language classrooms. The results from the semi-structured interviews were consistent with those from the survey. Together, the results from the two stages demonstrated that most pre-service teachers favoured using Web 2.0 technology for collaboration and communication among colleagues and stakeholders in a broader community, but they displayed contrasting levels of appraisal of and concerns towards using social media technologies. Participants believed that this might be due to their different levels of ICT proficiency, workload, and working environment. The political and practical implications in K-12 education in the Czech context are also discussed.

Comparing the Efficacy of Two School-Based Approaches of Neurocognitive Training for Enhancing Executive Functions.

Neurocognitive training has been shown to improve a range of cognitive/executive functions and behavior in children. Delivering this training in a school context may enhance its ecological validity and improve training outcomes. The current study examined the efficacy of two school-based neurocognitive training approaches for enhancing executive functions (EF) in typically developing children: neurocognitive training with no teacher positive feedback (NCT), and neurocognitive training with teacher positive feedback (NCT-TPF). Using a randomized control design, 45 children were randomly allocated to the no-training control, NCT, or NCT-TPF group and completed pre- and post-training assessments on the core executive function (EF) domains of inhibitory control, working memory, and task switching. Teachers' subjective acceptance of the two training protocols was investigated to explore potential ecological validity. The two training groups completed six sessions of training in a kindergarten over a 3-week period. The results showed significant post-training improvements in an untrained inhibitory control task for both training groups when compared with the control group. Different effects were found for each group for the untrained task switching task. While reduced reaction time (RT) in correct Color and Shape trials at Time 2 were reported for the NCT-TPF group, there was no difference compared to the control group for the NCT group. The NCT group showed increased RT in Switch trials but reduced Shape errors compared to controls at Time 2, while these effects were not significant for the NCT-TPF group. An unexpected outcome was that children in both training conditions did not show a significant improvement in an untrained working memory task. Teachers' subjective acceptance consistently supported including positive feedback as part of NCT. While further research is needed, these results support use of neurocognitive training and/or neurocognitive training with teacher positive feedback for typically developing children in a school context.

Metformin carbon nanodots promote odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells by pathway of autophagy.

Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) have been a focus of pulp regeneration research because of their excellent odontogenic potential and availability. Applying the odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs to tooth regeneration has been challenging. Metformin-based carbon nanodots (MCDs) were synthesized and characterized to investigate their effects in vitro on odontoblastic hDPSC differentiation and the underlying mechanism. MCDs were synthesized by a hydrothermal treatment method and characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The biocompatibility and fluorescence properties of the MCDs in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium high-glucose culture medium and the in vitro odontogenic potential and related mechanism of the bioactive nanomaterial was explored. TEM images showed that MCDs were spherical in shape with a size of approximately 5.9 nm. MCDs showed biological safety in cell viability, apoptosis, and fluorescence labelling ability at a concentration up to 200 µg/ml in vitro. The presence of MCDs facilitated high-efficiency odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs by promoting odontogenic gene and protein expression. Moreover, MCDs promoted odontoblastic hDPSC differentiation via autophagy. MCDs are capable of activating autophagy and enhancing the odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs by upregulating odontoblast gene marker (DMP1, DSPP, RUNX2, and SP7) and protein (DSPP and DMP1) expression.

Family Related Variables' Influences on Adolescents' Health Based on Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Database, an AI-Assisted Scoping Review, and Narrative Synthesis.

Objects: Health Behaviours in School-aged Children (HBSC) is an international survey programme aiming to investigate adolescents' health behaviours, subjective perception of health status, wellbeing, and the related contextual information. Our scoping review aimed to synthesise the evidence from HBSC about the relationship between family environmental contributors and adolescents' health-related outcomes. Methods: We searched previous studies from six electronic databases. Two researchers identified the qualified publications independently by abstract and full-text screening with the assistance of an NLP-based AI instrument, ASReview. Publications were included if they were based on HBSC data and investigated the effects of family environment on adolescents' health outcomes. Researches addressed family-related factors as mediators or moderators were also included. Results: A total of 241 articles were included. Family environmental contributors could be mapped into six categories: (1) Demographic backgrounds (N = 177); (2) General family's psycho-socio functions (N = 44); (3) Parenting behaviours (N = 100); (4) Parental health behaviours (N = 7); (5) Family activities (N = 24); and (6) Siblings (N = 7). Except for 75 papers that assessed family variables as moderators (N = 70) and mediators (N = 7), the others suggested family environment was an independent variable. Only five studies employed the data-driven approach. Conclusion: Our results suggest most research studies focussed on the influences of family demographic backgrounds on adolescents' health. The researches related to parental health behaviours and siblings are most inadequate. Besides, we recommend further research studies to focus on the mediator/moderator roles of the family, for exploring the deep mechanism of the family's impacts. Also, it would be valuable to consider data-driven analysis more in the future, as HBSC has mass variables and data.

Gender differences in factors associated with the health literacy of hospitalized older patients with chronic diseases: A cross-sectional study.

Background: To identify gender differences in factors associated with the health literacy of hospitalized older patients with chronic diseases. Methods: A total of 471 hospitalized older patients with chronic diseases in four hospitals were investigated from May 2019 to June 2020. The self-developed demographic information questionnaire, the "Health Literacy Scale for Patients with Chronic Diseases" and the "Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Diseases 6-item Scale" were applied in this study. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the factors influencing health literacy among older patients with chronic diseases by gender. Results: The factors influencing health literacy differed by gender. Male health literacy was related to education background, number of children, monthly income, duration of chronic disease and chronic disease self-efficacy. For females, health literacy was associated with age, education background, monthly income, duration of chronic disease and chronic disease treatment. Conclusion: Healthcare providers should focus on the above-mentioned factors that could help identify those with low health literacy differ base on gender. Gender-specific strategies should be developed to improve the health literacy of older patients with chronic diseases and strengthen their chronic disease management.

Associations of Adolescents' Excessive Electronic Device Use, Emotional Symptoms, Sleep Difficulty, and Communication with Parents: Two-wave Comparison in the Czech Republic.

Adolescents' excessive electronic device use is associated with psychological problems. However, it is unknown which psychological symptom, including emotional symptoms and sleep difficulty, correlates with excessive electronic device use most strongly. Besides, according to the social displacement theory, parent-adolescent communication might mediate the relationship between excessive electronic device use and psychological symptoms. Using the Czech national survey Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) data in the years 2006 (n = 4782) and 2014 (n = 5082), we used network analysis to explore the relationship between psychological symptoms and excessive electronic device use. In addition, we conducted a mediation analysis to examine the role of parent-adolescent communication. The results revealed that excessive electronic device use correlated most strongly with adolescents' irritability or bad temper, and this conclusion was stable in 2006 and 2014. In 2014, parent-adolescent communication mediated the relationship between adolescents' excessive electronic device use and their psychological symptoms. The findings suggest that as the internet industry grows, it is essential to improve parent-adolescent communication quality to prevent adolescents' psychological problems caused by excessive electronic device use.