Three coralloid species of the genus Trechispora (Trechisporales, Basidiomycota) in China: two newly discovered taxa and one reported for the first time.

Two new species of Trechispora indigenous to southern China, T.laxa and T.tongdaoensis, are described and illustrated, and the first record of T.khokpasiensis in China is reported. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of the concatenated nuclear rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and nuclear large subunit sequences supported the inclusion of the three species within the Trechispora clade, together with species formerly classified in Scytinopogon. The new species are similar in micromorphology to species of Trechispora (as traditionally circumscribed) but are distinguished by having coralloid basidiomata. A key to the known coralloid Trechispora species in China is provided.

The role of the P2X4 receptor in trigeminal neuralgia, a common neurological disorder.

Neurological disorders, which include various types of diseases with complex pathological mechanisms, are more common in the elderly and have shown increased prevalence, morbidity and mortality worldwide. Unfortunately, current therapies for these diseases are usually suboptimal or have undesirable side effects. This necessitates the development of new potential targets for disease-modifying therapies. P2X4R, a type of purinergic receptor, has multiple roles in neurological disorders. In this review, we briefly introduce a neurological disorder, trigeminal neuralgia and its' symptoms, etiology and pathology. Moreover, we focused on the role of P2X4R in neurological disorders and their related pathophysiologic mechanisms. Further studies of P2X4R are required to determine potential therapeutic effects for these pathophysiologies.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Huainan partridge chicken (Gallus gallus).

Huainan Partridge chicken is one of the indigenous chicken breeds in China. In this study, the first complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence of Huainan Partridge chicken had been obtained using PCR amplification, sequencing and assembling. The mitogenome of Huainan Partridge chicken is 16785 bp in length, including a control region (D-loop), 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer genes and 2 ribosomal genes. The base composition of the complete mtDNA sequence is 30.27% for A, 23.73% for T, 13.50%for G, 32.50% for C. This study will provide reference for the phylogenetic analysis of Huainan Partridge chicken.

Removal of perfluorooctanoic acid in simulated and natural waters with different electrode materials by electrocoagulation.

Increasing attentions have been paid on widespread perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) contaminations in the environment globally, especially in the industrial wastewaters and natural water bodies. In order to perform the treatment of PFOA simulated solution effectively with periodically reverse electrocoagulation (PREC), intensive studies were implemented on the conditions of treatment and adsorption mechanism. The optimal conversion rate of 1 mg L-1 PFOA treatment could be achieved 99.6% with Al-Zn electrode, when the voltage and stirring speed were set to 9 V and 500 rmp. The energy consumption of treating PFOA simulated aqueous solution at 20 min using Al-Zn electrodes was 43.93 kWh kg-1. In addition, the PREC technique was further applied to eliminate the PFOA contaminations in the natural groundwater, generating the conversion rate up to 79.4% at 60 min. Moreover, it was verified that PFOA contamination was adsorbed on the flocs of Zn0.61Al0.39(OH)2(CO3)0.195·xH2O by the detection of X-ray diffraction spectra (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum, the mainly mechanism was adsorption bringing and enmeshment, primarily resulting from the hydrophobic interaction of PFOA and Al-Zn hydroxide flocs.

[The influence of ZHU Gong's Huo ren shu (A Book for Savings Life)in the Southern Song Dynasty and its Influence on the discipline of Cold Pathogenic Disease].

ZHU Gong's Huo ren shu (A Book for Saving Life) is a famous work in the history of research on Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases. It has great influence on the study of cold pathogenic disease, especially that of the Song dynasty. Many authors reedited or annotated this book to inherit and developed the idea of the Huo ren shu. Thus, a lot of new books, including annotations, revisions, citations, or discussions, appeared. WANG Su's Zeng shi nan yang huo ren shu (Amplified Annotated Huorenshu), for example, is one of them. Those compiled as rhymes or knacks include XU Shu-wei's Shang han bai zheng ge (The Rhymes of Hundred Kinds of Cold Damage Disease), LI Zhi-xian's Huo ren shu kuo (Introduction to Huorenshu), QIAN Wen-li's Shang han bai wen ge (Hundred Questions on Cold Damage Disease), YANG Shi-ying's Shang han lei shu huo ren zong kuo (A General Introduction to Huorenshu, a Classified Book of Cold Damage Disease), and TANG Yin-cai's Shang han jie huo lun (Essay to Answering Suspicions on Cold Damage Disease). Those cited or inherited the book include LI Cheng's Shang han yao zhi (Gist of Cold Damage Disease), GUO Yong's Shang han bu wang lun (Supplements to Cold Damage Disease), SUN Zhi-ning's Shang han jian yao shi shuo (Ten Simple Discourses on Cold Damage Disease), and CHEN Zi-ming's Guan jian da quan liang fang (A Complete Effective Formulary with my Own Opinions). Those differentiating the essentials of the Huorenshu including CHENG Jiong's Huo ren shu bian (Differentiation for Huorenshu), and LU Zu-chang's Ni jin huo ren can tong yu yi (An Elaboration on Huorenshu to be Presented). All the above books indicate the impact of the Huorenshu, and show its influence on later ages as well.

[Preliminary research on the transmission of official printed medical books in the Song dynasty].

In the Song dynasty, central and municipal governments edited and published a large quantity of medical books. Surveying the transmission of official printed books is important in exploring the process of the transmission of medical knowledge in the Song dynasty. Various library catalogues and related historical materials provided convenient sources for research on the transmission of these medical books. Collections of archives, sales to the public and grants from the court for court ministers, foreign countries and municipalities were the main routes of medical book transmission, by which medical knowledge was widely spread among both city and local areas, to intellectuals and the general public, and which laid the foundation for the prosperity of medicine in the Song dynasty.