Exosomal miR-30a and miR-222 derived from colon cancer mesenchymal stem cells promote the tumorigenicity of colon cancer through targeting MIA3.

BACKGROUND: Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from virus tumors have been reported to contribute to malignant cell growth, invasion, and metastasis. However, the mechanism of communication between MSCs and colon cancer cells is poorly understood. Recent studies have suggested that exosomes are an important player in crosstalk between cells and could significantly suppress the invasion ability of human cancer cells (hCCs) when transfected with a microRNA inhibitor. However, to date, no study has illuminated the miRNA changes in exosomes derived from hCC-MSCs. METHODS: Colon cancer stem cells were cultured in medium and passaged to develop fibroblast-like morphology. Exosomes were collected using ExoQuick precipitation and exosome morphology was visualized by transmission electron microscopy. Small RNA sequencing was analyzed using an Illumina HiSeq4000 analyzer, and the expression of MIA3 was assessed by real-time PCR and Western blot. The functional roles of miR-30a and miR-222 in colon cancer cells were evaluated through cell and animal experiments. RESULTS: Our results showed that the characteristics of MSC-like cells (hCC-MSCs) derived from human colon cancer stem cells were comparable to those of bone marrow-derived MSCs, including surface antigens and the ability to multi-differentiate to osteocytes and adipocytes. Furthermore, we screened the microRNA (miRNA) profiles of exosomes derived from hCC-MSCs and the corresponding parent hCC-MSCs. We found a significant enrichment in the miR-30a and miR-222 level in hCC-MSC-derived exosomes. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that miR-30a and miR-222 bound to their shared downstream target, MIA3, to promote the ability of colon cells to proliferate, migrate, and metastasize, thus evidencing their functional roles as oncogenic miRNAs. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that hCC-MSC-secreted exosomes promote colon cancer cell proliferation and metastasis through delivering miR-30a and miR-222. Subsequently, exosomal miR-30a and miR-222 simultaneously target MIA3, suppress its expression, and promote colon cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis.

lncRNA SLC16A1-AS1 as a novel prognostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have proved to act as crucial biomarkers in tumors. Novel biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) need to be investigated badly. To identify the differentially expressed lncRNAs between NSCLC tissue and adjacent tissue, microarray analysis was performed. lncRNA SLC16A1-AS1 was significantly less expressed in NSCLC tissue than that in adjacent tissue. Gain-of-function experiments was performed to determine the biological functions of SLC16A1-AS. In situhybridization and survival analysis were applied in lung cancer tissue samples to determine the prognostic role of SLC16A1-AS1. It was showed that SLC16A1-AS1 was remarkably downregulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Functionally, SLC16A1-AS1 overexpression could inhibit the viability and proliferation of lung cancer cell, block the cell cycle and promote cell apoptosis in vitro which may result from reduced phosphorylation of rat sarcoma (RAS)/ proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase (RAF)/ mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/ extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) pathway caused by elevated expression of SLC16A1-AS1. Clinical sample analysis showed that SLC16A1-AS1 had a favorable impact on the overall survival and progression-free survival of patients with NSCLC. Our results suggested that SLC16A1-AS1 may act as a potential biomarker for patients with NSCLC.

Study on GLI values of Polygonatum odoratum base on multi-temporal of unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing / 中国中药杂志

Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) remote sensing and vegetation index have great potential in the field of Chinese herbal medicine planting. In this study, the visible light image of Polygonatum odoratum planting area in Changyi district of Jilin province were acquired by UAV, and the real-time monitoring of P. odoratum planting area was realized. The green leaf index(GLI) was established, and GLI values of P. odoratum were collected used the spatial sampling points. To compare the GLI values in different periods, it was found that the GLI values of P. odoratum have three stages changing rule of rising-gentle-falling related to the germination, vigorous growth and withered of P. odoratum growth. Meanwhile, the GLI values were compared with four biomass data of P. odoratum, including plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content in leaves, and it was found that the GLI value was related to the growth potential of P. odoratum. The GLI value with a rapid increase in rising stage or at a high level in the gentle stage means the P. odoratum was in a better growth potential. GLI value has a same change trend with plant height, and has certain correlation with plant height and leaf area. However, there is no obvious relationship between chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents in leaves and GLI value. The study clarified the change rule of GLI value of P. odoratum, explained the reason for the change of GLI value, and expanded the application range of GLI. The research shows that UAV and vegetation index can be applied to monitoring the Chinese herbal medicines planting, and provides a new idea for exploring more effective information extraction methods of Chinese herbal medicines.

Translation and validation of the Chinese version of the Cancer Stigma Scale.

PURPOSE: To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Cancer Stigma Scale (CASS). METHODS: After translation, back-translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the CASS into Chinese (C-CASS), a random online survey of the general population in China was conducted. Reliability was analyzed by internal consistency (Cronbach's α) and construct validity was analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis. The C-CASS was evaluated in a sample of 382 non-cancer patients through online format. RESULTS: The study found that the C-CASS had satisfactory internal reliability (Cronbach's α of the overall scale and six components was 0.88 and 0.70-0.89, respectively). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the six-factor structure (χ2/df = 2.2, GFI = 0.91, CFI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.056, SRMR = 0.065). Younger individuals and those who had less knowledge of cancer showed more negative attitudes towards cancer. CONCLUSION: The C-CASS had adequate internal consistency, reliability and indices of model fit, allowing its feasible use to assess levels of cancer stigma in Chinese populations.

Carbocisteine reduces the cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin.

Hepatic injury induced by oxaliplatin has been reported. Even though agents are available that reduce oxaliplatin-induced hepatocyte toxicity, their mode of action has remained obscure. In the present study, hepatic L02 cells were incubated with different combinations of oxaliplatin and carbocisteine. Significantly increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were found in L02 cells treated with oxaliplatin. Using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) as an indicator of cell viability and flow cytometry, we found that carbocisteine could reverse oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis of L02 cells. Western blot analysis demonstrated that oxaliplatin could induce apoptosis of L02 cells by reducing the Bcl-2/Bim ratio, stimulating the cytochrome c release, and activating caspase-3. All of these effects could be suppressed by carbocisteine. We further found that carbocisteine did not affect the anticancer effect of oxaliplatin against HT-29 cells. This is the first report opening prospects for the clinical use of carbocisteine in the pretreatment against liver injury accompanying the chemotherapy regimen with oxaliplatin.

Oxidative stress potentiated by diallylsulfide, a selective CYP2E1 inhibitor, in isoniazid toxic effect on rat primary hepatocytes.

Isoniazid (INH), one of the first-line antituberculosis drugs, has potential liver toxicity. Mechanisms reported by previous studies mainly focused on oxidative stress. In the present study, we investigated acute effects of diallylsulfide (DAS), a selective CYP2E1 inhibitor, on reduced glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in rat primary hepatocytes treated with INH. In cultures treated with INH for 1, 4, 8h, significant loss of GSH content and decrease of ROS levels were observed. Moreover, when hepatocytes were co-treated with INH and 1mM DAS, accelerated GSH depletion and increased ROS production appeared. Further more, rat primary hepatocytes survival rates decreased significantly in cultures treated with INH together with DAS than in cultures treated with INH alone after 24h. In conclusion, DAS could potentiate INH toxic effect and this is the first study reporting the effect of DAS on oxidative stress in INH-induced hepatocytotoxicity.