ABSTRACT
We study the property of equal-spin Andreev reflection (ESAR) in the ferromagnet/insulator/Ising superconductor junction where Ising spin-orbit coupling is taken into account in the insulator. It is found that the ESAR exhibits a regular oscillation with the insulating barrier, the amplitude and period of which can be effectively controlled by the chemical potentials. Compared to that in the ferromagnet/Ising superconductor junction, the ESAR is greatly increased due to the resonant mode, suggesting an enhanced spin-triplet pairing. As an application, the proposed junction may work as a switch to turn on and off the ESAR. Furthermore, the insulating barrier does not change the magnetoanisotropic period of ESAR because of the invariant symmetry of the system, however, the magnetoanisotropy is strengthened.
ABSTRACT
Cancer is an important chronic non-communicable disease that endangers human health and has become the main cause of death of residents around the world in the 21st century. At present, most of the mature treatment methods stay at the level of cell and tissue, which is difficult to fundamentally solve the problem of cancer. Therefore, explaining the pathogenesis of cancer at the molecular level becomes the answer to the key problem of cancer regulation. BRCA-associated protein 1 (brca1- associated protein 1) is a kind of ubiquitination enzyme encoded by the BAP1 gene and composed of 729 amino acids. As a carcinogenic protein, BAP1 can affect the cancer cell cycle and proliferation capacity, mutation, and deletion. For example, depending on catalytic activity, it participates in the regulation of intracellular function through transcription, epigenetic, and DNA damage repair. This article mainly reviews the basic structure and function of BAP1 in cells, its role in cancer development, and cancer-related mutants.
Subject(s)
DNA Repair , Neoplasms , Humans , Cell Line, Tumor , Mutation , Ubiquitination , Cell Cycle , Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/genetics , Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/chemistry , Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/metabolism , Neoplasms/genetics , Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics , Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolismABSTRACT
We study the spin- and valley-dependent energy band and transport property of silicene under a periodic potential, where both spin and valley degeneracies are lifted. It is found that the Dirac point, miniband, band gap, anisotropic velocity, and conductance strongly depend on the spin and valley indices. The extra Dirac points appear as the voltage potential increases, the critical values of which are different for electron with different spins and valleys. Interestingly, the velocity is greatly suppressed due to the electric field and exchange field, other than the gapless graphene. It is possible to achieve an excellent collimation effect for a specific spin near a specific valley. The spin- and valley-dependent band structure can be used to adjust the transport, and perfect transmissions are observed at Dirac points. Therefore, a remarkable spin and valley polarization is achieved which can be switched effectively by the structural parameters. Importantly, the spin and valley polarizations are greatly enhanced by the disorder of the periodic potential.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the antitumor efficacy of death receptor 5, its ligand (TRAIL) and DR5mAb in human hepatocellular carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Expression of DR5 in the HCC cell lines HepG2, SMMC 7721 and normal human liver cell line LO2 was measured at mRNA and protein level by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. MTT method was used to measure the cell viability and flow cytometry assay was used to detect apoptosis so as to observe the inhibitory effect of TRAIL and DR5mAb on HCC cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Death receptor 5 was highly expressed in the HCC cell lines, but rarely expressed in normal human liver cell line (P < 0.01). With the increase of TRAIL concentration, the cell viability of HCC cells decreased gradually. However, when the concentration of TRAIL was above 1000 ng/ml, HCC cells were resistant to TRAIL, but still sensitive to DR5mAb. After incubation with DR5mAb (1000 ng/ml) for 24 h, the rate of apoptosis in HCC cells reached to 52.45% +/- 0.57%, which was higher than that incubated with TRAIL under the same condition (14.74% +/- 0.48%) (P < 0.05). The cell viability of normal human liver cell line treated with TRAIL tended to decline with the increase of the concentration, which was significantly different from that of matched control group. But DR5mAb had little effect on normal human liver cell line.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Death receptor 5 as a target plays an important role in the course of HCC apoptosis induction. Agonistic monoclonal antibody specific for human DR5 can selectively and effectively kill hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro, while is not harmful to normal human hepatocytes. It reveals that DR5mAb might provide a new direction in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment research.</p>
