Association between ATP2B1 gene polymorphism and the onset of cerebral infarction.

Since this article has been suspected of research misconduct and the corresponding authors did not respond to our request to prove originality of data and figures, "Association between ATP2B1 gene polymorphism and the onset of cerebral infarction, by H.-Y. Tao, M. Xu, X.-M. Wang, X.-S. Lu, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 23 (10): 4348-4353-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201905_17941-PMID: 31173308" has been withdrawn. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/17941.

Association between ATP2B1 gene polymorphism and the onset of cerebral infarction.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 2B1 gene polymorphism in cerebral infarction (CI) patients and the onset of CI. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 100 CI patients (CI group) and 88 healthy people who received physical examination (Control group) were enrolled as study subjects. Meanwhile, 4 mL of venous blood was extracted from each subject. The single nucleotide polymorphisms of rs19203, rs13412 and rs28313 in the promoter region of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 2B1 gene were classified via conformation-difference gel electrophoresis. Chi-square was adopted to test whether the frequency of ATP2B1 genotype distribution conformed to genetic equilibrium law. Meanwhile, the correlations between ATP2B1 alleles and gene polymorphism sites and the onset of CI were analyzed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to determine the level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the serum of CI patients. Furthermore, the correlation of ATP2B1 gene polymorphism with the expression level of VEGF was analyzed. RESULTS: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium analysis revealed that the polymorphisms of three ATP2B1 gene loci were in accordance with genetic equilibrium distribution (p>0.05). According to the results of genetic correlation analysis, the polymorphisms and alleles of ATP2B1 rs19203 and rs13412 were statistically correlated with the onset of CI (p<0.05). However, the rs28313 polymorphism and alleles were not correlated with the onset of CI (p>0.05). In addition, a statistically significant correlation between the polymorphisms of rs19203 and rs13412 and the expression level of VEGF was found in CI patients (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Rs19203 and rs13412 in the promoter region of the ATP2B1 gene are correlated with the onset of CI. However, rs28313 bears no relationship with CI.

A simplified model to predict the thermal response of PLG and its influence on BLEVE.

A simplified model has been developed to describe the thermal response of pressure liquefied gas (PLG) tanks subjected to fire. The development of the stratification layer is considered in this model. Comparison of results with available experimental data shows that our proposed model can reasonably predict the thermal response. The effect of stratification on the liquid energy is also summarized. Results show that the pressure in the tank rises faster as a result of thermal stratification, and for the same tank pressure the energy in the liquid is less when the liquid is stratified. Stratification can reduce the severity of hazards of boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE).

Cervicovaginal overproduction of specific IgG to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) contrasts with normal or impaired IgA local response in HIV infection.

Paired sera and cervicovaginal secretions (CVS) from 30 women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 (before AIDS) were analyzed for IgG and IgA antibodies to HIV and for IgG, IgA, and human serum albumin. Subjects were compared with 30 aged-matched healthy controls. In HIV-infected women, cervicovaginal immunoglobulins were markedly increased, and IgG predominated. An increased immunoglobulin transudation was implicated, since cervicovaginal albumin levels were 2.3-fold above those of normal controls. Furthermore, IgG excretion by reference to albumin was increased 1.9-fold, whereas the IgA secretion tended to decrease, suggesting a possible enhanced local IgG synthesis. Mean IgG and IgA anti-HIV antibody titers were, respectively, 30- and 12-fold higher in serum than in CVS, but their mean specific activities were higher in CVS than in serum, suggesting a local synthesis of both isotypes. The IgA antibody response to HIV remained poor compared with the strong IgG response.

Local synthesis of IgG antibodies to HIV within the female and male genital tracts during asymptomatic and pre-AIDS stages of HIV infection.

Paired sera and cervicovaginal secretions or seminal fluids, obtained from HIV-1-infected, clinically asymptomatic women (n = 41) and men (n = 12), were investigated in order to test the hypothesis of a local synthesis of IgG to HIV in the female and male reproductive tracts. Anti-gp41 + p24 IgG was evaluated by an IgG immunocapture assay, and anti-gp160 IgG by an indirect ELISA. Estimation of anti-HIV IgG-specific activities was carried out after ponderal determination of total IgG and evaluation of anti-HIV IgG activity. IgG to gp41 + p24, as well as IgG to gp160, were specifically detected in all sera, cervicovaginal secretions, and seminal fluid samples from all tested HIV-1-infected subjects. The mean specific activities of IgG to gp41 + p24 in cervicovaginal secretions and in seminal fluids were about 33-fold (in women) and 16-fold (in men) that of the corresponding sera; similarly, the mean specific activities of IgG to gp160 in genital secretions were about 17-fold (in women) and 10-fold (in men) that of the corresponding sera. IgGs to HIV are constantly detected in genital secretions from HIV-1-infected subjects, and appear to be largely synthesized in situ within the genital tract of both genders.

Rapid and constant detection of HIV antibody response in saliva of HIV-infected patients; selective distribution of anti-HIV activity in the IgG isotype.

Anti-HIV antibodies can be specifically detected with a sensitivity and a specificity of 100% in the saliva of all HIV-infected patients. A saliva collection device facilitates the sampling procedure, and if a rapid test is used, the diagnosis of infection can be established in as little as 10 min. The analysis of a group of CDC stage IV AIDS patients showed a decrease in lactoferrin (produced by the oral mucosa) in comparison with HIV-negative controls, associated with an increase in albumin (filtering from plasma), indicating an alteration of the mucosal barrier. The salivary anti-HIV-gp160 activity was largely carried by the IgG isotype whereas the salivary antibacterial activity (anti-Streptococcus sobrinus; anti-LPS from Escherichia coli) remained located in the IgA isotype as usually observed with all infectious agents. Salivary IgG carried a specific anti-gp160 activity 25-fold higher than that of serum IgG. Thus, significant local synthesis of specific IgG by oral mucosa was revealed as a characteristic of HIV infection.

Endoscopic variceal ligation. Experience in 78 patients.

Endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) is a new alternative to sclerotherapy in the treatment of esophageal variceal hemorrhage, which results in strangulation, necrosis and scar formation of varices without systemic or local adverse effect. From May 1, 1991 through July 1, 1992, EVL was performed in 78 consecutive patients, in 35 of them it was performed during active massive bleeding, and active bleeding was controlled by the initial session in 31 patients. With repeated EVL treatment, 32 patients had their varices obliterated. The varices had reduced in size in other patients. No ligation-related complications were observed. This procedure is a safe, effective and rather simple method to treat esophageal varices, especially in patients with poor liver function and recurrent bleeding after devascularization or shunt surgery.

Anti-gp160 IgG and IgA antibodies associated with a large increase in total IgG in cervicovaginal secretions from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected women.

To study the specific local immune response in vaginal fluids, 19 women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 and 23 seronegative controls were selected. Vaginal fluids were tested by ELISA for total IgG, IgA, and IgM levels and for specific IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies to gp160. Total IgG, IgA, and IgM concentrations were 6.8-, 5.0-, and 2.5-fold higher, respectively, in HIV-1-infected women than in controls, with a positive correlation between IgG and IgA levels. IgG or IgA antibodies or both to gp160 were detected in 12 subjects (63%), whereas no IgM antibodies to gp160 were found. Anti-gp160 IgG strongly predominated. Serum samples were available for 11 women whose total IgG vaginal levels strongly correlated with total IgG in sera. These results suggest that transudation of serumborne antibodies is the main source of gp160-specific antibodies in the vaginal fluid of HIV-1-infected women.

[Autogenous vein graft as a conduit for repairing the laryngeal nerve deficit].

Management of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) deficit is a difficult problem and a challenge to surgeons. Effective method for repairing a RLN deficit is not available. Since October 1981, the author has adopted autogenous vein graft as a conduit to repair RLN deficit in 5 cases. All the 5 cases were followed up for more than one year after operation. The results showed that the affected vocal cord movement was entirely or nearly entirely restored in 2 cases, partially restored in 1 case, unrestored in 2 cases, patients phonation was restored to be normal or near normal in 4 cases, including 3 cases with entirely or partially restoration of vocal cord movement and one case with unrestoration of vocal cord movement. The remaining one case had vocal cord movement unrestored, the hoarseness, however was improved significantly. The data suggests that autogenous vein graft as a conduit for repairing RLN deficit is a convincible and an effective method.

[Long-term results of the Hassab operation in portal hypertension: 10 year's follow-up].

Seventy-three patients with portal hypertension who underwent Hassab operation before June 30, 1976 and were alive postoperatively were analysed. Among these patients, portal hypertension was caused by hepatic schistosomiasis in fifty-seven, and by portal cirrhosis in seventeen. According to Child's classification there were 14 in class A, 19 in class B, 30 in class C, and 10 were not classified. Thirty-two patients were subjected to therapeutic operation, forty-one to prophylactic operation. Seventy-one patients were followed-up (97.3%). The postoperative 5, 10 and 15 year cumulative survival rate were 85.5%, 75.8%, and 70.4% respectively. The survival rates in Child A, B patients were much higher than that in Child C patients (P less than 0.05). The postoperative bleeding rate was 11.3%, and the bleeding most often occurred in 1-9 year postoperatively. The esophageal varices disappeared in 64.3% of patients; ascites disappeared in 91.7% of patients; liver function improving or unchanging was seen in 93.6% of patients. There was no postoperative encephalopathy. Long term follow-up showed no difference in patient's survival rate between hepatic schistosomiasis and portal cirrhosis.

Reversal of ischemic liver failure by intrasplenic liver cell transplantation.

A model of ischemic hepatic failure in Sprague-Dawley rats (SD) with 100% mortality has been developed by one-hour occlusion of the right portal vein and hepatic artery followed by left 70% hepatectomy. The intrasplenic injection of 40 x 10(6) syngeneic adult or three-day neonatal single liver cell suspensions decreased the mortality from 100% to 50% and 36%, respectively. Mortality decreased with increasing time from the intrasplenic injection of neonatal liver cells to the time of acute hepatic ischemia. Mortality also decreased with increasing interval between hepatic ischemia and removal of the transplanted liver cells by splenectomy. Intrasplenic injection of graded doses of neonatal liver cells decreased mortality from 75% at a dose of 10 x 10(6) cells, to 36% at 160 x 10(6) cells. Treatment of neonatal liver cells with metabolic inhibitors did not significantly affect their ability to reverse acute hepatic ischemia.

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy treated by anterior multilevel decompression and fusion. Follow-up report of 214 cases.

From 1974 to 1982, 214 patients were treated for cervical spondylotic myelopathy by anterior multilevel decompression and the Robinson anterior interbody fusion and followed for an average of three years and 11 months. Postoperative results were superior to those obtained previously using posterior decompression. The average patient age was 50.1 years (range, 30-75); there were 187 men and 27 women. Overall, the percent of patients with excellent and good results was 59.3%; with fair results, 29%, no change; 7.9%, and deterioration, 3.8%. Of the 111 patients who had the disease less than one year before treatment, 74% were categorized after surgery as excellent or good. In contrast, only 36% of the 66 patients who had the disease more than two years were rated excellent and good. Myelography is valuable in diagnosing and locating lesions. The average number of discs removed was 3.1 per patient. The number of cases with excellent and good results was the same whether or not union of the graft occurred. Reoperation was required in 12 patients, and a third operation was performed in three patients. Eventually, 93% of the patients were able to lead independent lives.