ABSTRACT
Composite ceramics of metal oxides and noble metals have received much attention for sensing reducing gases at room temperature. Presently, composite ceramics of SnO2 and noble metals have been prepared and investigated for sensing oxidizing NO2 at room temperature. While dramatic increases in resistance were observed for both 1 wt% Pt-SnO2 and 5 wt% Au-SnO2 composite nanoceramics after being exposed to NO2 at room temperature, the largest increase in resistance was observed for 1 wt% Pt-5 wt% -Au-SnO2 composite nanoceramics among the three composites. The response to 0.5 ppm NO2--20% O2-N2 was as high as 875 at room temperature, with a response time of 2566 s and a recovery time of 450 s in the air of 50% relative humidity (RH). Further investigation revealed that water molecules in the air are essential for recovering the resistance of Pt-Au-SnO2 composite nanoceramics. A room temperature NO2-sensing mechanism has been established, in which NO2 molecules are catalyzed by Pt-Au to be chemisorbed on SnO2 at room temperature, and desorbed from SnO2 by the attraction of water molecules in the air. These results suggest that composite ceramics of metal oxides and noble metals should be promising for room temperature sensing, not only reducing gases, but also oxidizing gases.
Subject(s)
Ceramics , Nitrogen Dioxide , Temperature , Gases , OxidesABSTRACT
A high long-term stability is crucial for room-temperature gas-sensitive metal oxide semiconductors (MOSs) to find practical applications. A series of Pd-SnO2 mixtures with 2, 5, and 10 wt% Pd separately were prepared from SnO2 and Pd powders. Through pressing and sintering, Pd-SnO2 composite nanoceramics have been successfully prepared from the mixtures, which show responses of 50, 100, and 60 to 0.04% CO-20% O2-N2 at room temperature for samples of 2, 5, and 10 wt% Pd, respectively. The room-temperature CO-sensing characteristics were degraded obviously after dozens of days' aging for all samples. For samples of 5 wt% Pd, the response to CO was decreased by a factor of 4 after 20 days of aging. Fortunately, some rather mild heat treatments will quite effectively reactivate those aged samples. Heat treatment at 150 °C for 15 min in air tripled the response to CO for a 20 days-aged sample of 5 wt% Pd. It is proposed that the deposition of impurity gases in air on Pd in Pd-SnO2 composite nanoceramics has resulted in the observed aging, while their desorption from Pd through mild heat treatments leads to the reactivation. More studies on aging and reactivation of room-temperature gas sensitive MOSs should be conducted to achieve high long-term stability for room-temperature MOS gas sensors.
