Molecular analysis and serological survey of Tembusu virus infection in Zhejiang, China, 2010-2016.

Tembusu virus (TMUV) is an important pathogen that causes acute egg drop syndrome in poultry. To investigate the epidemiological status of Tembusu virus in Zhejiang province, we collected clinical samples and sera from the local area from 2010 to 2016. A total of 41 out of the 88 collected tissue samples were identified as TMUV-infected by RT-PCR and were confirmed by sequencing. Six TMUV strains were isolated from TMUV-positive samples, and their complete genome sequences were determined. In addition, 19 E gene sequences amplified from RT-PCR-positive samples were determined. Sequence identity values among the 19 E genes and reference E sequences ranged from 96.8% to 100.0%, and they ranged from 97.3% to 99.9% when comparing the six genome sequences and references. Nineteen sites with amino acid mutations were identified in the E protein of nineteen strains, and these were at positions that are usually conserved in other TMUV strains. Antibodies to TMUV in serum samples were detected by indirect ELISA using recombinant EDIII (domain III of the E protein) as the antigen. The results showed that TMUV-specific antibodies were widely present in duck populations, with positive rates of 17.38%, 21.99%, 26.68%, and 17.79% in 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively. The data from this study provide a good understanding of the epidemiology of TMUV infections in Zhejiang, China.

Restructuring of silica-pillared clay (SPC) through posthydrothermal treatment and application as phosphotungstic acid supports for cyclohexene oxidation.

A facile posthydrothermal treated process has been successfully established for restructuring of silica-pillared clay. This approach involves the hydrothermal treated process utilizing octadecylamine as structural agency followed by calcination at high temperatures. The formation of expanded interlayered mesopores is a result of treatment with octadecylamine hydrothermal conditions. The following calcination at higher temperatures gives silica-pillared clay larger pore volume and conserved high surface area. The kind of pore expansion process has been confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The pore expansion mechanism of silica-pillared clay is proposed. The pore expanded silica-pillared clay has been used as the catalytic supports for H3PW12O40 loading as high as 26.9%, 35.8% and 48.2% for oxidation reaction of cyclohexene using H2O2 as oxidant. The stable charge force between H3PW12O40 and negative charged clay layers, together with big and open porous structure, large pore volume, and high loading of H3PW12O40 contributes to the efficiency conversion, high selectivity toward cyclohexene epoxide and brilliant reusability.

Complete genomic sequence of a Muscovy duck-origin reticuloendotheliosis virus from China.

The complete proviral sequence of a Muscovy duck-origin reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) associated with spontaneously occurring neoplastic disease in 2011 in Zhejiang province, China, was determined. Comparative sequence analyses indicate that the present REV is most closely related to the chicken-origin REV isolate HLJR0901 and the goose-origin isolate Goose/3410/06. These findings suggest that chickens or geese may transmit the REV to Muscovy ducks.

Tembusu virus in ducks, china.

In China in 2010, a disease outbreak in egg-laying ducks was associated with a flavivirus. The virus was isolated and partially sequenced. The isolate exhibited 87%-91% identity with strains of Tembusu virus, a mosquito-borne flavivirus of the Ntaya virus group. These findings demonstrate emergence of Tembusu virus in ducks.