Green Innovation and Business Sustainability: New Evidence from Energy Intensive Industry in China.

Chinese manufacturing has recently undertaken the responsibility of energy conservation and emission reduction to address climate change. This research analyzes green innovation on business sustainability in the energy-intensive industry in China from the manager perspective, researched data from 229 Chinese managers via structural equation modeling (SEM). The results demonstrated that green innovation had three dimensions: green product innovation, recycling, and green publicity. Business sustainability also had three dimensions: financial performance, environmental performance, and social performance. It also shows that green innovation had a significant effect on business sustainability in energy-intensive industry. More specifically, we found that recycling has more impact on social performance when compared with green publicity. However, green publicity has a large effect on environmental performance; moreover, green product innovation has more impact on financial performance than green publicity. We also found that environmental performance has a positive effect on financial and social performance results. The alternative models were used to examine the second-order factors of green innovation and business sustainability to test the study's robustness and supported our findings. Thus, this study contributes to the field by helping managers to make decisions when dealing with sustainable environmental management. It provides new empirical evidence to support the development of a low-carbon circular economy and realization of a carbon-neutral goal by 2060 in China.

Molecular Characterization of the Oncogene BTF3 and Its Targets in Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed and leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide, and the prognosis of patients with CRC remains unsatisfactory. Basic transcription factor 3 (BTF3) is an oncogene and hazardous prognosticator in CRC. Although two distinct functional mechanisms of BTF3 in different cancer types have been reported, its role in CRC is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to molecularly characterize the oncogene BTF3 and its targets in CRC. Here, we first identified the transcriptional targets of BTF3 by applying combined RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq analysis, identifying CHD1L as a transcriptional target of BTF3. Thereafter, we conducted immunoprecipitation (IP)-MS and E3 ubiquitin ligase analysis to identify potential interacting targets of BTF3 as a subunit of the nascent-polypeptide-associated complex (NAC). The analysis revealed that BTF3 might also inhibit E3 ubiquitin ligase HERC2-mediated p53 degradation. Finally, miRNAs targeting BTF3 were predicted and validated. Decreased miR-497-5p expression is responsible for higher levels of BTF3 post-transcriptionally. Collectively, we concluded that BTF3 is an oncogene, and there may exist a transcription factor and NAC-related proteolysis mechanism in CRC. This study provides a comprehensive basis for understanding the oncogenic mechanisms of BTF3 in CRC.

A multi-CRD C-type lectin gene Cnlec-1 enhance the immunity response in noble scallop Chlamys nobilis with higher carotenoids contents through up-regulating under different immunostimulants.

C-type lectins have a variety of immunological functions in invertebrates. In order to investigate whether C-type lectin gene and carotenoids do have immune influences on noble scallop Chlamys nobilis under pathogen stress, acute challenges lasting 48 h to Vibrio parahaemolyticus, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (Poly I: C), and PBS were conducted in noble scallop with different carotenoids content. A multi-CRD C-type lectin gene called Cnlec-1 was cloned and its transcripts under different challenges were determined. Full length cDNA of Cnlec-1 is 2267 bp with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1845 bp encoding 614 deduced amino acids, containing four carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD1, CRD2, CRD3 and CRD4). Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that CRDs of Cnlec-1 were clustered with CRDs of shellfish C-type lectins, especially closely related to Chlamys farreri and Argopecten irradians CRDs. Cnlec-1 transcripts were detected in hemocytes, mantle, gonad, kidney, intestines, gill and adductor. Compared with PBS control group, Cnlec-1 transcripts were up-regulated in V. parahaemolyticus, LPS and Poly I: C groups. Furthermore, Cnlec-1 transcript levels of Golden scallops were significantly higher than that of Brown ones at 3-48 h (P < 0.05) in V. parahemolyticus groups, at 24 h in LPS groups and at 12-24 h in Poly I: C groups. These results suggesting that Cnlec-1 is an important immune factor involved in the defense against pathogens in the noble scallop, and carotenoids can enhance the immunity of noble scallop through up-regulating Cnlec-1 to different immunostimulants.

Cloning and differential expression of a novel toll-like receptor gene in noble scallop Chlamys nobilis with different total carotenoid content.

To investigate whether toll like receptors (TLRs) genes do have an immune influence on noble scallop Chlamys nobilis under pathogen stress, acute challenges lasting 48 h to Vibrio parahaemolyticus, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C), and PBS were conducted in two scallop stains of orange and brown with different carotenoids content. A novel toll-like receptor gene called CnTLR-1 was cloned and its transcripts under different challenges were determined. Meantime, total carotenoids content (TCC) of different immune responses were determined to investigate whether there was a relationship between gene expression and carotenoids content. The full length cDNA of CnTLR-1 is 2982 bp with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1920 bp encoding 639-deduced amino acids, which contains five leucine-rich repeats (LRR), two LRR-C-terminal (LRRCT) motifs and a LRR-N-terminal (LRRNT) motif in the extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain and a Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor (TIR) of 138-amino acids in the cytoplasmic region. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that CnTLR-1 could be clustered with mollusk TLRs into one group and especially was related closely to Crassostrea gigas and Mytilus galloprovincialis TLRs. CnTLR-1 transcripts were detected in decreasing levels in the mantle, hemocytes, gill, kidney, gonad, hepatopancreas, intestines and adductor. Compared with PBS control group, CnTLR-1 transcripts were up-regulated in V. parahaemolyticus, LPS and Poly I:C groups. Further, CnTLR-1 transcripts were significantly higher in orange scallops than that of brown ones with and without pathogenic challenges. TCC, which is higher in orange scallops, was initially increased and then decreased during a 48 h immune challenge in the hemocytes. The present results indicate that CnTLR-1 is an important factor involved in the immune defense against pathogens in the noble scallop.

Cloning of a big defensin gene and its response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge in the noble scallop Chlamys nobilis (Bivalve: Pectinidae).

The noble scallop Chlamys nobilis has been an important marine cultured bivalve in the Southern Sea of China for decades. However, large-scale mortality events often occurred during the scallop' cultivation. As one of AMPs (antimicrobial peptides), big defensin is an important component of the innate immunity against pathogenic microorganisms in invertebrates. In order to investigate whether the big defensin can play a role in the immune defense against pathogenic microorganisms in noble scallop, a big defensin gene from the hemocytes of Chlamys nobilis (CnBD) was cloned, and the mRNA level was measured after an acute Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge of 36 h. The CnBD cDNA contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 381 bp encoding a peptide of 126 amino acids residues. The deduce amino acid sequence of CnBD shows a high similarity with that from Argopecten irradians and displays common features of big defensin, indicating that CnBD is a new member of the big defensin family. Compared with the control group, the relative mRNA level of CnBD was significantly up-regulated at 3, 24 and 36 h. The present result indicated that CnBD played an immune role against bacterial infection in noble scallop.

Differential expression of CuZnSOD gene under low temperature stress in noble scallop Chlamys nobilis with different carotenoid content.

The noble scallop Chlamys nobilis belongs to a warm-water mollusk and has been cultured in the sea of southern China since 1980s'. However, accidents of massive mortality have often occurred during the winter, and one of the reasons could be accumulation of harmful reactive oxygen species caused by lower temperature. Carotenoids are well known for their anti-oxidant function. To investigate whether carotenoids do play a role in mollusks' antioxidant defense system under lower temperature stress, an acute lower temperature experiment was conducted by using two types of scallops: the orange with higher carotenoids content and the brown with lower carotenoids content. Their CuZnSOD gene was cloned, mRNA expression levels were determined, and SOD activity and carotenoids content were measured. The complete CuZnSOD cDNA consists of 1078 nucleotides with an open reading frame encoding 154 amino acid residues, which has high identity with that of its sister species Chlamys farreri. The mRNA expression levels in both the mantle and gill from the orange scallops were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of the brown ones, but the result was the opposite in the blood. SOD activity in the mantle and gill from the orange scallops was significantly higher than (P < 0.05) that from the brown ones. Further, significantly positive correlations were found among CuZnSOD gene transcript levels, SOD activity and total carotenoids content in the orange scallops. The present results suggested that carotenoids could play roles in antioxidant defense system by upregulating gene expression under lower temperature stress in the noble scallop.

Differential immune response of vitellogenin gene to Vibrio anguillarum in noble scallop Chlamys nobilis and its correlation with total carotenoid content.

Vitellogenin (Vg), an egg yolk precursor protein, not only functions as a source of nutrients and a nonpolar molecular carrier that combine and transfer lipids, proteins, vitamin and carotenoids to oocytes during the oogenesis. but also links with the immune defense in many oviparous animals. To investigate whether Vg plays a immune defensive role in noble scallop Chlamys nobilis, an acute Vibrio anguillarum infection experiment was conducted in orange and brown scallops with different carotenoids content. qRT-PCR result showed that Vg transcripts were significantly up-regulated after challenge with V. anguillarum in orange and brown shell scallops compared to the control group and Vg expression reached the highest spot at 6 h, indicated that Vg possessed an immune function in the noble scallop. Interestingly, a significantly positive correlation between Vg transcript levels and total carotenoids content in the ovary was observed, indicating that Vg gene expression was up regulated by carotenoids. The results suggest that Vg is a potent immune protector and carotenoid may linked with Vg plays an important role in host immune system against pathogens in noble scallop C. nobilis.