B/P/N flame retardant based on diboraspiro rings groups for improving the flame retardancy, char formation properties and thermal stability of cotton fabrics.

Developing flame retardant cotton fabrics (CF) is crucial for minimizing the harm caused by fires to people. To improve the flame retardancy of CF, this paper has synthesized a novel flame retardant called diboraspiro tetra phosphonate ammonium salt (N-PDBDN). The structure of N-PDBDN has been analyzed using FT-IR and NMR. Treating CF with N-PDBDN can increase the limiting oxygen index (LOI) to 36.2 % with a weight gain of 10.1 %. Moreover, even after undergoing 50 laundering cycles (LCs), the LOI remains at 27.1 %, indicating good flame retardancy and durability. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) show the presence of P and N elements on N-PDBDN treated CF, suggesting successful bonding between N-PDBDN and cellulose. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results demonstrate that the addition of N-PDBDN significantly enhances the thermal stability and carbon formation ability of CF. Furthermore, cone calorimetry tests reveal reduced heat release rates (HRR), prolonged time to ignition (TTI), and 38 % lower total heat release (THR) in CF treated with N-PDBDN compared with pure cotton. Finally, a potential flame retardant mechanism involving N-PDBDN is proposed. These findings indicate that incorporating an ammonium phosphate group into CF can effectively improve the flame retardancy and durability.

Preparation and thermostability of a Si/P/N synergistic flame retardant containing triazine ring structure for cotton fabrics.

A new synergistic flame retardant named Bisiminopropyl trimethoxysilane-1,3,5-triazine-O-bicyclic pentaerythritol phosphate (BTPODE) was synthesized, which is a type of Si/P/N flame retardant. This was accomplished by grafting aminopropyl trimethoxysilane and bicyclic pentaerythritol phosphate onto a triazine ring structure, serving as an intermediate. The structure of BTPODE was determined using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR, 13C NMR, and 31P NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). SEM was used to detect the surface morphology of cotton fabrics, which suggested that BTPODE had been resoundingly stick to cotton fabrics. The flame retardant properties of cotton fabrics were evaluated by measuring the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and conducting vertical flammability experiments. Cotton fabrics with a weight gain of 20.73 % achieved an LOI value of 32.5 %. Thermogravimetric (TG) experiments demonstrated the samples' good thermostability. Furthermore, under nitrogen conditions, the char residue of cotton fabric with a weight gain of 20.73 % was 36.85 %. The cone calorimetry test (CONE) showed a significant reduction in the TSP value, indicating a certain level of smoke suppression performance. Finally, based on the obtained experimental results, the fire-retardant mechanism principle of the flame retardant was deduced.

MicroRNA-766 Promotes The Proliferation, Migration And Invasion, And Inhibits The Apoptosis Of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells By Targeting PDCD5.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the regulatory role and mechanism of microRNA-766 (miR-766) on cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) cells. METHODS: The expression of miR-766 and programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) was detected in CSCC tissues and CSCC cell lines (A431, SCL-1 and DJM-1 cells) by qRT-RCR. The proliferation, colony-forming ability, apoptosis, migration and invasion of A431 and SCL-1 cells was measured by MTT, colony formation, flow cytometry, wound healing and transwell assay, respectively. The interaction between miR-766 and PDCD5 was detected by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), MMP-9 and PDCD5 was measured by Western blot. In addition, A431 cells were subcutaneously injected into mice, and the tumor volume and weight were measured. RESULTS: MiR-766 was upregulated, and PDCD5 was downregulated in CSCC tissues and cells. MiR-766 significantly promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion, and inhibited the apoptosis of A431 and SCL-1 cells. MiR-766 also significantly increased the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in A431 and SCL-1 cells. PDCD5 was a target gene of miR-766. PDCD5 significantly reversed the tumor-promoting effect of miR-766 on A431 and SCL-1 cells. In addition, miR-766 inhibitor inhibited the tumor growth in mice. CONCLUSION: MiR-766 inhibitor inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion, and promoted the apoptosis of CSCC cells via downregulating PDCD5.

miR-144-3p Targets FosB Proto-oncogene, AP-1 Transcription Factor Subunit (FOSB) to Suppress Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of PANC-1 Pancreatic Cancer Cells.

This study aimed to investigate the role of miR-144-3p in pancreatic cancer (PC) carcinogenesis and to explore the mechanism of its function in PC. miR-144-3p was downregulated in PC tissues and cells. miR-144-3p overexpression significantly inhibited PC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. FosB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit (FOSB) was a target gene of miR-144-3p. miR-144-3p could repress PC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by inhibiting the expression of FOSB. In conclusion, miR-144-3p plays an important role in PC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting FOSB. miR-144-3p may provide a new target for the development of therapeutic agents against PC.