ABSTRACT
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S Typhi) associated urinary tract infections are exceedingly rare, accounting for less than 1% of cases. Such infections have known to occur in immune-compromised or individuals with urogenital structural abnormalities. With the emergence of extensively drug resistant S Typhi strains in Pakistan, the management of its various unique presentations poses therapeutic challenges. We report the first documented case of a 74 years old male patient presenting with relapsed urinary tract infection secondary to extensively drug resistant S Typhi.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Recurrence , Salmonella typhi , Typhoid Fever , Urinary Tract Infections , Humans , Male , Salmonella typhi/drug effects , Salmonella typhi/isolation & purification , Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology , Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy , Typhoid Fever/microbiology , Typhoid Fever/drug therapy , Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Pakistan , Microbial Sensitivity TestsABSTRACT
Termiglaucescin (1), a new triterpene glucoside, has been isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the root bark of Terminalia glaucescens Planch. ex Benth, together with 11 known compounds, ß-D-glucopyranosyl 2α,3ß,6ß-trihydroxy-23-galloylolean-12-en-28-oate (2), arjunglucoside I (3), sericoside (4), arjungenin (5), sericic acid (6), arjunetin (7), chebuloside II (8), 3,3',4-tri-O-methylelagic acid (9), 3,3'-di-O-methylelagic acid (10), ß-sitosterol (11) and stigmasterol (12). Compounds 2, 3, 7, 8 and 9 are reported from the plant for the first time. The structures of the isolated compounds were characterized by spectroscopic data interpretations, especially 1D and 2D NMR. The triterpenic isolates showed potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Glucosides/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Saponins/pharmacology , Terminalia/chemistry , Triterpenes/pharmacology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification , Antioxidants/isolation & purification , Biphenyl Compounds/chemistry , Erythrocytes/drug effects , Glucosides/isolation & purification , Hemolysis/drug effects , Humans , Lipoxygenase Inhibitors/isolation & purification , Lipoxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Molecular Structure , Phytotherapy , Picrates/chemistry , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Plants, Medicinal , Protein Denaturation , Saponins/isolation & purification , Serum Albumin, Bovine/chemistry , Structure-Activity Relationship , Triterpenes/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Piptadenin (1), a new triterpene along with piptadenamide (10), a new ceramide, have been isolated from the AcOEt-soluble fraction of the MeOH extract of the stem bark of Piptadeniastrum africanum along with nine known compounds, 1-O-[(3ß,22ß)-3,22-dihydroxy-28-oxoolean-12-en-28-yl]-ß-d-glucopyranose (2), 22ß-hydroxyoleanic acid (3), oleanic acid (4), lupeol (5), betulinic acid (6), 5α-stigmasta-7,22-dien-3ß-ol (7), 5α-stigmasta-7,22-dien-3-one (8), (3ß)-stigmast-5-en-3-yl ß-d-glucopyranoside (9) and 2,3-dihydroxypropyl hexacosanoate (11). Except for compound 11, all the isolated compounds are reported for the first time from this plant. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic data including 1D and 2D NMR. The pure compounds 1 - 11 were subjected to the pharmacological screening and compounds 2, 5 - 7 and 9 exhibited potent urease inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 25.8, 28.9, 30.1, 31.8 and 32.7 µm, respectively, whereas compound 1 showed moderate activity (IC50 = 98.7 µm). The potent urease inhibitory activity supplemented the previous literature reports and medicinal uses of this plant.
