Possibilidades reabilitadores para pacientes com erosão dental: uma revisão de casos clínicos / Rehabilitation possibilities for patients with dental erosion: a clinical case review / Posibilidades rehabilitadoras para pacientes con erosión dental: revisión de casos clínicos

Objetivo: revisar na literatura as possibilidades reabilitadoras para pacientes com erosão dental. Método: screeningda literatura que seguiu os princípios do check listSANRA. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados da BVS (LILACS e BBO), Scielo, Cochrane Library e via buscador de pesquisa PubMed. Foram incluídos estudos na língua inglesa, relatos de casos clínicos disponíveis na íntegra. Foram realizadas buscas por artigos publicados até fevereiro de 2022 e sem restrição cronológica. Resultados:entre44 artigos identificados, 10 foram selecionados. A maioria dos estudos (40%) foram publicados no Brasil, seguido dos Estados Unidos (20%) e Itália (20%). As possibilidades de reabilitação identificadas foram o uso de coroas de cerâmica, laminados cerâmicos e restauração direta com resina composta. Conclusão:foi possível verificar que a reabilitação dos elementos dentários com materiais diretos (resinas compostas) ou indiretos (cerâmica ou cerômeros) tem demonstrado resultados satisfatórios,conforme os casos clínicos investigados.

Objective: to review the literature on rehabilitative possibilities for patients with dental erosion.Method: literature screening thatfollowed the principles of the SANRA check list. The search was performed in the BVS (LILACS and BBO), Scielo, Cochrane Library and PubMed databases. English language studies and clinical case reports available in full were included. Articles published until February 2022 and without chronological restriction were searched.Results: among 44 articles identified, 10 were selected. Most studies (40%) were published in Brazil, followed by the United States (20%) and Italy (20%). The rehabilitation possibilities identified were the use of ceramic crowns, ceramic laminates and direct restoration with composite resin.Conclusion: it was possible to verify that the rehabilitation of dental elements with direct materials (composite resins) or indirect (ceramics or ceromers) has shown satisfactory results, according to the clinical cases investigated.

Objetivo: revisar la literatura sobre las posibilidades rehabilitadoras para pacientes con erosión dental.Método: screeningbibliográfico que siguió los principios de la check listSANRA. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos BVS (LILACS y BBO), Scielo, Cochrane Library y PubMed. Se incluyeron estudios en inglés, informes de casos clínicos disponibles en su totalidad. Se realizaron búsquedas de artículos publicados hasta em Febrero de 2022 y sin restricción cronológica.Resultados: de los 44 artículos identificados, se seleccionaron 10. La mayoría de los estudios (40%) se publicaron en Brasil, seguido de Estados Unidos (20%) e Italia (20%). Las posibilidades de rehabilitación identificadas fueron el uso de coronas cerámicas, laminados cerámicos y restauración directa con resina compuesta.Conclusión:se pudo comprobar que la rehabilitación de elementos dentales con materiales directos (resinas compuestas) o indirectos (cerámicas o cerómeros) ha mostrado resultados satisfactorios, según los casos clínicos investigados.

Levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease increase cerebrospinal fluid nitric oxide metabolites' levels.

Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a common complication of Parkinson's disease (PD) therapy. Nitric oxide in the central nervous system may have a role in its pathophysiology. The present work investigates plasma and CSF levels of nitric oxide metabolites nitrite and nitrate in patients with PD, LID, and healthy control. We measured plasma and CSF nitrite and nitrate levels in patients with PD with and without LID and in healthy controls. The levels of plasma and CSF nitrite and nitrate were measured by ozone-based chemiluminescence. Sixty-seven participants were enrolled. CSF nitrite levels in patients with PD and LID were higher than in patients with PD without LID and healthy controls. CSF/plasma ratio of nitrite was higher in patients with PD and LID than in patients with PD without LID. The CSF/plasma ratio of nitrite in patients with PD and LID was higher than 1, indicating an intrathecal production of NO in patients with this motor complication. There was an increase in nitrate levels of CSF and CSF/plasma ratio of nitrate in patients with PD and LID compared to the healthy controls. Sex, age at evaluation, disease duration, and levodopa equivalent daily doses, as well as processing and storage time, did not critically influence these results. The present study demonstrated an increase in nitrite and nitrate levels in the central nervous system of patients with PD and LID. This finding strengthens the role of NO on LID pathophysiology.

Herbicide weed control ­ induced differential tolerance and productivity in cowpea plants / Controle de ervas daninhas com herbicida - tolerância diferencial induzida e produtividade em plantas de feijão-caupi

The use of herbicides is a represents an efficient way to control the infesting plant population, since it is associated with low operational cost, and it does not demand large amounts of labour. An obstacle to growing cowpea (Vigna unguiculate) is the absence of herbicides registered for this crop. The objective of this work was to evaluate the tolerance of cowpea to herbicides. The experiment was carried out in a randomised block with treatment controls with and without weeding, Bentazon (720 g ha-1), Fluazifop-p-butyl (250 g ha-1), Fomesafen and a tank mix between Fluazifop-p-butyl + Fomesafen (250 + 187.5 g ha-1) with treatment replicates. The herbicides were applied on vegetative (V3 ­ stage) cowpea plants using a CO2-pressurised backpack sprayer with four spray tips TT 110.02 operating at a pressure of 2.5 bar and applying 240 litres of syrup per hectare. The cultivar BRS Guariba, with five planting lines per plot, was tested with the three central lines of the useful area, scoring 0.5 m of the ends. The species Oxalis latifolia was difficult to control. The Fluazifop-p-butyl + Fomesafen mixture presented better control of weeds. The herbicides caused phytotoxicity to cowpea and reduced leaf area and dry mass. The productivity of the crop was affected due to the low control of weeds. It was concluded that the cowpea presented differential tolerance to the herbicides tested doses.

O uso de herbicidas é uma alternativa promissora, pois permite um controle eficiente da população de plantas infestantes, associado a baixo custo operacional e sem exigir grandes quantidades de mão de obra. No entanto, um entrave no controle de plantas daninhas no feijão-caupi é a ausência de herbicidas registrados para essa cultura. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a tolerância do feijão-caupi cultivar BRS Guariba, a herbicidas. Um ensaio foi conduzido a campo em blocos casualizados composto dos tratamentos, testemunhas com e sem capina, Bentazon (720 g i.a. ha-1), Fluazifop-p-butyl (250 g i.a. ha-1), Fomesafen (187,5 g i.a. ha-1) e mistura de tanque entre Fluazifop-p-butyl + Fomesafen (250 + 187,5 g i.a. ha-1) com 4 repetições. Os herbicidas foram aplicados com plantas de caupi em estágio vegetativo V3 com pulverizador costal pressurizado por CO2 com quatro pontas de pulverização TT 110.02 operando a uma pressão de 2,5 Bar e aplicando 240 L ha-1 de calda. As parcelas foram compostas 5 linhas de plantio com cinco metros de comprimento, espaçadas de 0,5 m, com as 3 linhas centrais de área útil, desprezando 0,5 m das extremidades. Avaliou-se a comunidade infestante, a eficiência de controle de plantas daninhas, a tolerância e a produtividade do feijão-caupi. A espécie Oxalis latifolia foi encontrada em todos os tratamentos e apresentou difícil controle. A mistura Fluazifop-p-butyl + Fomesafen apresentou melhor controle das plantas daninhas. Os herbicidas ocasionaram fitotoxicidade ao feijão-caupi e redução de área foliar e massa seca de plantas. A produtividade da cultura foi reduzida nos tratamentos com baixo controle de plantas daninhas bem como nos tratamentos que provocaram toxicidade elevada. Conclui-se que o feijão-caupi apresentoutolerância diferencial aos herbicidas nas doses testadas.

A new desert-dwelling dinosaur (Theropoda, Noasaurinae) from the Cretaceous of south Brazil.

Noasaurines form an enigmatic group of small-bodied predatory theropod dinosaurs known from the Late Cretaceous of Gondwana. They are relatively rare, with notable records in Argentina and Madagascar, and possible remains reported for Brazil, India, and continental Africa. In south-central Brazil, the deposits of the Bauru Basin have yielded a rich tetrapod fauna, which is concentrated in the Bauru Group. The mainly aeolian deposits of the Caiuá Group, on the contrary, bear a scarce fossil record composed only of lizards, turtles, and pterosaurs. Here, we describe the first dinosaur of the Caiuá Group, which also represents the best-preserved theropod of the entire Bauru Basin known to date. The recovered skeletal parts (vertebrae, girdles, limbs, and scarce cranial elements) show that the new taxon was just over 1 m long, with a unique anatomy among theropods. The shafts of its metatarsals II and IV are very lateromedially compressed, as are the blade-like ungual phalanges of the respective digits. This implies that the new taxon could have been functionally monodactyl, with a main central weight-bearing digit, flanked by neighbouring elements positioned very close to digit III or even held free of the ground. Such anatomical adaptation is formerly unrecorded among archosaurs, but has been previously inferred from footprints of the same stratigraphic unit that yielded the new dinosaur. A phylogenetic analysis nests the new taxon within the Noasaurinae clade, which is unresolved because of the multiple alternative positions that Noasaurus leali can acquire in the optimal trees. The exclusion of the latter form results in positioning the new dinosaur as the sister-taxon of the Argentinean Velocisaurus unicus.

Quality assurance in specialized headache units in Spain: an observational prospective study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the quality of the therapeutic approach in Specialized Headache Units in Spain. METHODS: An observational (prospective) study was conducted. Anonymized data of 313 consecutive patients during a defined period of time were analyzed and a comparison of performance in 13 consensual quality indicators between Specialized Headache Units and neurology consultations was calculated. Specialized Units and neurology consultations represented the type of provision that Spaniards receive in hospitals. RESULTS: The consensus benchmark standard was reached for 8/13 (61%) indicators. Specialized Headache Units performed better in the indicators, specifically in relation to accessibility, equity, safety, and patient satisfaction. Patients attended in Specialized Headache Units had more complex conditions. CONCLUSION: Although there is variability among Specialized Headache Units, the overall quality was generally better than in traditional neurology consultations in Spain.

Activation of the TRKB receptor mediates the panicolytic-like effect of the NOS inhibitor aminoguanidine.

Nitric oxide (NO) triggers escape reactions in the dorsal periaqueductal gray matter (dPAG), a core structure mediating panic-associated response, and decreases the release of BDNF in vitro. BDNF mediates the panicolytic effect induced by antidepressant drugs and produces these effects per se when injected into the dPAG. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors would have panicolytic properties associated with increased BDNF signaling in the dPAG. We observed that the repeated (7 days), but not acute (1 day), systemic administration of the NOS inhibitor aminoguanidine (AMG; 15 mg/kg/day) increased the latency to escape from the open arm of the elevated T-maze (ETM) and inhibited the number of jumps in hypoxia-induced escape reaction in rats, suggesting a panicolytic-like effect. Repeated, but not acute, AMG administration (15 mg/kg) also decreased nitrite levels and increased TRKB phosphorylation at residues Y706/7 in the dPAG. Notwithstanding the lack of AMG effect on total BDNF levels in this structure, the microinjection of the TRK antagonist K252a into the dPAG blocked the anti-escape effect of this drug in the ETM. Taken together our data suggest that the inhibition of NO production by AMG increases the levels of pTRKB, which is required for the panicolytic-like effect observed.

Parallel transverse-sigmoid sinus harboring dural arteriovenous malformation. How to differentiate the pathological and normal sinus in order to treat and preserve patency and function.

An unusual case of dural arteriovenous malformation (DAVM) harboring a parallel transverse-sigmoid sinus (TSS) is presented. The patient had a 2-year history of left-sided pulsatile tinnitus in the left ear refractory to medical management. Angiography demonstrated a DAVM involving the left TSS. Super-selective transvenous dural sinus occlusion of the DAVM situated at the pathological compartment of the TSS provided cure. We were able to spare the normal compartment providing anatomical venous drainage from this system.

Determinação do teor de cumarina no xarope de guaco armazenado em diferentes temperaturas / Coumarin content of guaco syrup stored at different temperatures

A produção magistral do xarope de guaco, obtido a partir do extrato fluido do guaco (Mikania glomerata Spreng., Asteraceae) e comercializada na Farmácia Universitária da UFJF/MG, gerou um projeto de pesquisa com o objetivo principal de estudar a estabilidade do produto acabado, tendo como ponto de referência a determinação do teor de cumarina das amostras armazenadas em diferentes temperaturas. O método aplicado para realizar a análise do teor de cumarina presente no xarope em estudo foi espectrometria no UV com comprimento de onda de 275,4 nm. Utilizou-se como veículo para efetuar as diluições da amostra uma mistura de metanol/água destilada, na proporção de 80 por cento v/v. A curva de calibração foi obtida diluindo-se 100 mg de cumarina padrão em 100 mL da solução descrito acima, obtendo-se sete concentrações distintas com variação de 2 µg a 20 µg. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a temperatura de armazenamento de 45 °C foi considerada ótima para desenvolver a conversão do isômero trans em cis com subseqüente conversão deste a cumarina. Os valores de cumarina encontrados na forma farmacêutica em estudo foram de 1,19 a 1,37 mg/mL, sendo que o valor mais alto refere-se às amostras armazenadas a 45°C durante seis meses.

The production of guaco syrup, obtained from guaco (Mikania glomerata Spreng., Asteraceae) fluid extract, and commercialized by the University Pharmacy of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora-MG, Brazil, led to a research project whose main aim was to study the stability of the finished product, with reference to the coumarin content of samples stored at different temperatures. UV spectrophotometry (275.4 nm) was used to assess the coumarin content of the study syrup. An 80 percent v/v methanol/distilled water mixture was used for sample dilution. The calibration curve was constructed by the dilution of 100 mg standard coumarin in 100 ml of the aforementioned solution, with seven distinct concentrations (ranging from 2 µg a 20 µg) being obtained. The results showed the 45 °C storage temperature to be optimum for the development of trans-cis isomerization, with subsequent conversion of the latter into coumarin. Coumarin content in the studied pharmaceutical presentation ranged from 1.19 to 1.37 mg/mL, the highest value corresponding to the samples stored at 45 °C for six months.

Efficacy of interferential low-level laser therapy using two independent sources in the treatment of knee pain.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an interferential pattern generated by two identical and independent lasers in the relief of knee pain. BACKGROUND DATA: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is generally applied by a single probe. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A double-blind controlled clinical trial was performed on 152 patients with knee pain who were randomly assigned into two different groups. Group I patients (n = 76) received interferential laser therapy generated by two identical laser probes located opposite each other on the knee joint. Group II patients (n = 76) received one live probe in conventional laser therapy and one dummy probe. The device used in both groups was an AlGaAs laser (wavelength 810 nm, power 100 mW, in continuous mode). Fifteen laser sessions were applied transcutaneously on 5 knee points (6 J/point) per session. In addition, patients in both groups received a quadriceps strength program based on isometric exercises. A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for pain evaluation in different situations, such as in standing, in knee flexion/extension, and when going up and down stairs. VAS pain scores were evaluated before, in the middle of, and after treatment. RESULTS: ANOVA results showed no significant differences between groups for all VAS scores or in the interaction with the sessions (p > 0.05). The VAS score results showed a statistically significant pain reduction throughout all sessions (p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: Interferential laser therapy is safe and effective in reducing knee pain. However, the results of the study indicate that it is not superior to the use of a single conventional laser.

Stent-jack technique in stent-assisted coiling of wide-neck aneurysms.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a variant of the stent-assisted coiling technique in the endovascular treatment of aneurysms with a dome-to-neck ratio less than 1.5. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: This technique, named the stentjack technique, consisted of the deployment of a first coil before the delivery of a self-expandable stent across the aneurysm neck without detachment. Once the stent was deployed, the first coil was detached. TECHNIQUE: This maneuver enabled us to constrain the coil loops within the sac before detachment of the first coil, a coil that is often critical when dealing with broad-neck aneurysms. We successfully treated three patients harboring wide-neck aneurysms. CONCLUSION: We found that the stentjack technique was helpful in the treatment of selective aneurysms with a dome-to-neck ratio smaller than 1.5.

Selective endovascular treatment of a traumatic basilar aneurysm after endoscopic third ventriculostomy.

A 4-year-old girl suffered intraventricular and subarachnoid hemorrhage during endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Cerebral angiography revealed a traumatic basilar aneurysm secondary to basilar artery injury. The aneurysm was treated with selective endovascular embolization using Guglielmi detachable coils. We review some therapeutic features of traumatic basilar aneurysms after endoscopic third ventriculostomy and describe the feasibility of endovascular selective therapy to manage these lesions successfully.

Endoarterial management of dural arteriovenous malformations with isolated sinus using Onyx-18: technical case report.

OBJECTIVE: Anatomic and clinical cure of dural arteriovenous malformations (DAVM) with isolated sinus is difficult to achieve by endovascular means without previous surgical exposure. We propose a new management technique using a new liquid embolic agent (ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer [Onyx-18]; ev3 Inc., Plymouth, MN) via an endoarterial approach that would avoid surgical craniotomy. BACKGROUND: Data of three consecutive patients with a DAVM with isolated sinus treated at our department between January 2005 and June 2005 are described. Procedures performed under general anesthesia consist of an arterial approach whereby a microcatheter is navigated via a meningeal feeder to the DAVM. Onyx-18, which diffuses under aqueous conditions, is then delivered, mechanically filling the isolated sinus and ultimately treating it. RESULTS: The patients included two men and one woman aged 69, 71, and 64 years, respectively. All patients were classified as Merland Type IV. Two patients presented with DAVMs involving the transverse-sigmoid sinus, and one patient presented with a DAVM involving the superior sagittal sinus with an isolated venous collector. All three fistulae were treated with transarterial embolization, using Onyx-18, through the filling of the pathological sinus via the anterior meningeal artery branch of the ophthalmic artery (DAVM at the superior sagittal sinus), and the other two patients were treated by means of the petrosquamous branch of the middle meningeal artery (DAVM at the transverse-sigmoid sinus). Postoperative digital subtraction angiography confirmed the elimination of the DAVMs in all three patients. The follow-up study ranging from 3 to 12 months (average, 7.5 mo) revealed no recurrence, and all of the patients had clinical improvement and recovered to their full activities. CONCLUSION: DAVMs with isolated sinus and retrograde venous drainage to the cortical system are aggressive vascular lesions that can be treated by transarterial embolization using Onyx-18. This procedure allowed us to achieve an anatomic and clinical cure in the three patients consecutively treated without the need for surgical exposure of the compromised sinus.

Do leptomeningeal venous drainage and dysplastic venous dilation predict hemorrhage in dural arteriovenous fistula?

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to correlate the presence of leptomeningeal venous drainage and dysplastic venous dilation with the risk of intracranial hemorrhage in DAVFs. METHODS: The subjects for this research were composed of 93 patients with DAVFs who were studied retrospectively with regard to therapeutic success and failure, who had undergone either neurosurgery or embolization or a combination of both methods, and whose disease was located in the cavernous sinus, the superior sagittal sinus, or the transverse-sigmoid sinus of the anterior fossa or of the tentorium. Also among these study subjects were patients who had had angiography done in at least 6 cranial vessels (external and internal carotid and vertebral arteries) before and after treatment and who had a minimum follow-up of 3 months. Cases of leptomeningeal venous drainage and dysplastic venous dilation and their associations with intracranial hemorrhage were ascertained for all the 93 case patients included in the study. RESULTS: The presence of leptomeningeal drainage (P = .0002) and that of dysplastic venous dilation (P = .036) increased the risk of intracranial hemorrhage in case patients for DAVFs of the 5 regions. CONCLUSION: There is a statistical significance between risk of intracranial hemorrhage in DAVFs and the presence of leptomeningeal drainage and dysplastic venous dilation.

Analysis of the best therapeutic alternative for intracranial dural arteriovenous malformations.

The material for this research consisted of 93 patients with dural arteriovenous malformations (DAVMs) who were studied retrospectively with regards to therapeutic success and failure, who had undergone either neurosurgery, or embolization or a combination of both methods and whose disease was located in the cavernous sinus, the superior sagittal sinus, the transverse-sigmoid sinus of the anterior fossa and the tentorium. Thus, it was possible to arrive at the following conclusions: treatment of the DAVMs must be indicated, jointly, by an interventionist neuroradiologist and a neurosurgeon; DAVMs of the transverse-sigmoid sinus were better treated when a combination of both methods was used; DAVMs of the tentorium were also better treated with a combined method; the endovascular method ensured only a 50% chance of therapeutic success for DAVMs of the superior sagittal sinus; DAVMs of the cavernous sinus are better treated when the endovascular method was used with a transvenous approach, relative to the transarterial approach.

Analysis of the best therapeutic alternative for intracranial dural arteriovenous malformations

O material utilizado consistiu de 93 pacientes portadores de malformações arteriovenosas durais (MAVDs) estudados retrospectivamente em relação ao sucesso e ao fracasso terapêutico submetidos aos métodos neurocirúrgico ou endovascular ou, ainda, combinação entre ambos, em que a doença se localizou nas regiões do seio cavernoso, do seio sagital superior, do seio transverso-sigmóide, da fossa anterior e do tentório. As conclusões foram as seguintes: o tratamento das MAVDs deve ser indicado pelo neurorradiologista intervencionista e pelo neurocirurgião, conjuntamente; as MAVDs do seio transverso-sigmóide foram melhor tratadas através do método combinado; as MAVDs do tentório foram melhor tratadas através do método combinado; as MAVDs do seio sagital superior tratadas por método endovascular asseguraram apenas 50% de sucesso terapêutico; as MAVDs do seio cavernoso são melhor tratadas por método endovascular empregando-se a via transvenosa quando comparadas com a via transarterial.

Malformação arteriovenosa dural do seio transverso-sigmóide causando neuralgia trigeminal / Transverse-sigmoid sinus dural arteriovenous malformation presenting as trigeminal neuralgia

Os autores relatam um caso raro de malformação arteriovenosa dural (MAVD) do seio transverso-sigmóide esquerdo, causando neuralgia do trigêmeo. O paciente foi submetido a cirurgia para esqueletização do seio transversosigmóide com ressecção dos dois terços distais do seio transverso e dos dois terços proximais do seio sigmóide. O procedimento cirúrgico foi suficiente para proporcionar a cura angiográfica e clínica, com um seguimento de oito meses. Foi realizada uma completa revisão bibliográfica encontrando-se apenas cinco casos descritos de pacientes com MAVD e neuralgia trigeminal.

The authors report a rare case of transverse-sigmoid dural arteriovenousmalformation (DAVM) presenting as trigeminal neuralgia in the distribution of left V3. The patient was treated surgically by the sinus skeletonization technique with the resection of the distal 2/3 of the transverse sinus and the proximal 2/3 of the sigmoid sinus. Clinical and angiographic cure was achieved in our patient with a folow-up of 8 months. Furthermore, a thorough review of the English language literature was carried out, compiling only five cases of trigeminal neuralgia due to DAVM.

Anatomia microcirúrgica do corpo da fissura coroidéia para acesso ao III ventrículo / Microsurgical anatomy of the body of the choroidal fissure to approach the third ventricle

Os autores apresentam o estudo da anatomia microcirúrgica do corpo da fissura coroidéia, baseado na dissecçao de 10 encéfalos humanos com auxílio de microscópio cirúrgico. As distância médias encontradas entre a físsura coroidéia e as seguintes estruturas foram, respectivamente, de: aderência intertalâmica, 12,8 mm; assoalho do terceiro ventrículo, 19,2 mm; comissura anterior, 16,0 mm; comissura posterior, 20,4 mm. Esses achados foram analisados e correlacionados com aspectos neurocirúrgicos da abordagem da regiao do corpo da físsura coroidéia ao III ventrículo.

Tratamento cirúrgico das fístulas liquóricas da base craniana anterior / Treatment of cerebrospinal fluid fistulae of the anterior base

Foram estudados, retrospectivamente, 22 pacientes portadores de fístula liquórica da base craniana anterior (FLBCA), tratados no período entre 1987 e 1993. O estudo levou em consideraçäo aspectos referentes à etiologia, apresentaçäo clínica, exames radiológicos, técnica cirúrgica e resultados do tratamento. A utilizaçäo da tomografia computadorizada craniana com cisternografia e identificaçäo do sítio exato da fístula revelou-se fator fundamental no sucesso do tratamento. A via intradural, para correçäo das FLBCA situadas na regiäo da lâmina crivosa e/ou plano esfenoidal, deve ser preferida pois possibilita a preservaçäo do olfato.