Eryngium foetidum L. (Apiaceae): A Literature Review of Traditional Uses, Chemical Composition, and Pharmacological Activities.

Eryngiumfoetidum L. is popularly known as chicória-do-Pará, is native to the Amazon region, and is widely distributed in Northern Brazil. It is considered a versatile species due to its diversified uses in ethnomedicine, gastronomy, and pharmaceutical industry. The objective of this study was to review the literature on the traditional uses, chemical composition, and pharmacological activities of E. foetidum based on information published in national and international scientific articles between the years 2011 and 2021. Literature searches were performed with the combination of the expressions "Eryngium foetidum L.," "chicória-do-Pará," "traditional uses," "ethnobotany," "volatile compounds," and "essential oil." The species is widely used as a flavoring condiment in beans, meat, duck, and fish, and in the preparation of tucupi (cassava sap), showing to have great importance for the Amazonian food culture. In traditional medicine, it has analgesic, antibacterial, antiflu, and antipyretic applications. The chemical profile is characterized by the presence of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, mainly (2E)-2-dodecenal in leaves and 2,3,4-trimethylbenzaldehyde in roots, in addition to fixed compounds such as carotenoids, flavonoids, and phenols. These compounds have shown diverse biological activities and potential antibacterial, anthelmintic, and antioxidant applications, confirming their potential for use in folk medicine. Therefore, it is inferred that this aromatic plant has vast potential uses and is an important alternative as a natural resource for the food and pharmaceutical industries in view of its antioxidant capacity and bioactive compounds.

Population structure and spatial distribution of tucumã-do-pará (Astrocaryum vulgare Mart.) in Salvaterra, Marajó island, Pará.

Astrocaryum vulgare Mart. is a palm tree that tolerates multiple environmental conditions, with complex development characteristics. The objective is to understand the population structure, the spatial distribution of this species in different environments and the effect of environmental gradients on its occurrence on Marajó Island, Pará. The hypothesis is that the population density of the species, as well as the spatial distribution, depends on the environment in which it is inserted. The study was carried out in 11 communities of residents of five different physiognomies, in which all individuals belonging to 42 sample units were mapped, measured and were categorized in height classes for further analysis. The results showed an abundance of juvenile individuals and a spatial distribution grouped across all physiognomies. The evidence points to a growing population, probably influenced by anthropic actions. Variables such as vegetation index of normalized difference, slope and distance from rivers were shown to be linked to the development of morphological characteristics. Finally, the occurrence of this species in physiognomies may be linked to the land use system, as it contributes to the creation of favorable environments for its development and, although differently, it has shown a high degree of adaptation to atypicals.

Bone Regeneration Assessment of Polycaprolactone Membrane on Critical-Size Defects in Rat Calvaria.

Biomaterials for use in guided bone regeneration (GBR) are constantly being investigated and developed to improve clinical outcomes. The present study aimed to comparatively evaluate the biological performance of different membranes during the bone healing process of 8 mm critical defects in rat calvaria in order to assess their influence on the quality of the newly formed bone. Seventy-two adult male rats were divided into three experimental groups (n = 24) based on the membranes used: the CG-membrane-free control group (only blood clot, negative control), BG-porcine collagen membrane group (Bio-Guide®, positive control), and the PCL-polycaprolactone (enriched with 5% hydroxyapatite) membrane group (experimental group). Histological and histometric analyses were performed at 7, 15, 30, and 60 days postoperatively. The quantitative data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). At 7 and 15 days, the inflammatory responses in the BG and PCL groups were significantly different (p < 0.05). The PCL group, at 15 days, showed a large area of newly formed bone. At 30 and 60 days postoperatively, the PCL and BG groups exhibited similar bone healing, including some specimens showing complete closure of the critical defect (p = 0.799). Thus, the PCL membrane was biocompatible, and has the potential to help with GBR procedures.

Is the Bacterial Cellulose Membrane Feasible for Osteopromotive Property?

Guided bone regeneration was studied to establish protocols and develop new biomaterials that revealed satisfactory results. The present study aimed to comparatively evaluate the efficiency of the bacterial cellulose membrane (Nanoskin®) and collagen membrane Bio-Gide® in the bone repair of 8-mm critical size defects in rat calvaria. Seventy-two adult male rats were divided into three experimental groups (n = 24): the CG-membrane-free control group (only blood clot, negative control), BG-porcine collagen membrane group (Bio-Guide®, positive control), and BC-bacterial cellulose membrane group (experimental group). The comparison periods were 7, 15, 30, and 60 days postoperatively. Histological, histometric, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. The quantitative data were subjected to 2-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-test, and p < 0.05 was considered significant. At 30 and 60 days postoperatively, the BG group showed more healing of the surgical wound than the other groups, with a high amount of newly formed bone (p < 0.001), while the BC group showed mature connective tissue filling the defect. The inflammatory cell count at postoperative days 7 and 15 was higher in the BC group than in the BG group (Tukey's test, p = 0.006). At postoperative days 30 and 60, the area of new bone formed was greater in the BG group than in the other groups (p < 0.001). Immunohistochemical analysis showed moderate and intense immunolabeling of osteocalcin and osteopontin at postoperative day 60 in the BG and BC groups. Thus, despite the promising application of the BC membrane in soft-tissue repair, it did not induce bone repair in rat calvaria.

Metal content in medicinal teas used in the Urubueua de Fátima river community, Abaetetuba-Pará State, Brazil / Contenido de metal en tés terapéuticos utilizados en la comunidad del Río Urubueua de Fátima, estado de Abaetetuba-Pará, Brasil

The content of certain metals in 13 medicinal teas made from 16 plant species was measured by flame photometer and atomic absorption spectrometer with flame methods. The measurements were evaluated against metal intake levels recommended by health authorities. The results indicate that the medicinal teas tested, regularly consumed by inhabitants of the Urubueua de Fátima River Community, Abaetetuba-Para, Brazil, present no risk of poisoning people older than six months. However, decoctions of Mentha sp., Eleutherine bulbosa, Euterpe oleracea, Piper callosum and Hyptis mutabilis, mostly given to children, had Mn values potentially exceeding the recommended maximum intake for infants in the 0-6 months age group, in the quantities customarily administered. Consequently, studies are needed to assess bioavailability for safe human consumption. Results also showed the consumption of medicinal tea alone is not enough to supply an adult's daily metal requirements or treat deficiencies. Additionally, cures emphasized by interviewed Community members might be associated with the bioactivity of organic substances that the medicinal teas contain.

El contenido de algunos metales en 13 tés medicinales de las 16 especies consumidas por los habitantes de la comunidad del Río Urubueua de Fátima, Abaetetuba-Para, Brasil, se evaluó mediante un fotómetro de llama y un espectrómetro de absorción atómica con métodos de llama, y se comparó con los niveles recomendados por las agencias de la salud. Los tés medicinales evaluados no mostraron riesgo de intoxicación para las personas mayores de seis meses de edad, sino las decocciones de Mentha sp., Eleutherine bulbosa, Euterpe oleracea, Piper callosum y Hyptis mutabilis, en su mayoría dirigidos a la ingesta de niños, informaron valores de Mn superiores a la ingesta máxima recomendada para el grupo de infantes (0-6 meses), debido a que estos estudios son necesarios para evaluar la biodisponibilidad para un consumo humano seguro. Los resultados también mostraron que solo el consumo de té medicinal no es suficiente para satisfacer las necesidades diarias recomendadas de ingesta de minerales o para tratar las deficiencias. Además, los informes de curación, enfatizados por los habitantes, indican que la bioactividad observada podría estar asociada a sustancias orgánicas presentes en el té.

Traditional populations in environmentally protected areas: an ethnobotanical study in the Soure Marine Extractive Reserve of Brazil / Poblaciones tradicionales en unidades de conservación: etnobotánica en la Reserva Extractiva Marinha de Soure-Pará

In the Amazon, there are significant numbers of indigenous and non-indigenous populations who depend on natural resources for their subsistence. The objective of this study was to conduct an ethnobotanical inventory in three communities (Comunidade do Caju-Úna; Povoado do Céu; and Vila do Pesqueiro) within the Soure Marine Extractive Reserve, located in the Archipelago of Marajó, in the state of Pará, Brazil. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and participant observation. We performed the sampling using non- probabilistic methods and feature selection. In a quantitative analysis, we evaluated the following indices: total species diversity; informant diversity of a species; use value of a species; consensus use value of a species; and use equitability value of a species. Of the 215 ethnobotanical species listed for the Soure Marine Extractive Reserve, 79 were cited as useful by respondents. We identified nine use categories, of which medicinal use was the most often cited. The indices calculated showed that the level of species diversity is high in the Soure Marine Extractive Reserve. Many of the species in the area are of great utility and cultural value to the local population.

La Amazonía alberga un diverso conjunto de grupos étnicos y culturales de pueblos indígenas y no indígenas, que dependen de los recursos naturales para su subsistencia. El objetivo de este estudio fue inventariar el conocimiento etnobotánico de tres comunidades en la Reserva Extractiva Marinha de Soure, situada en el archipiélago de Marajó-Pará. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y observación participativa en las comunidades de Caju-Una, Poblado de Céu y Villa do Pesqueiro. El muestreo fue no probabilístico por selección racional. En el análisis cuantitativo se utilizaron los índices de diversidad total de especies (SDtot) y el del informante (IDs), el valor de diversidad de uso (UDs) y el de consenso de uso (UCs). Se listaron 215 etnoespecies, de las cuales 79 fueron citadas por los entrevistados de las tres comunidades. Se registraron nueve categorías, siendo la medicinal la más citada. Los valores encontrados para los índices calculados mostraron la diversidad de especies encontradas en la RESEX, además del gran valor utilitario y cultural de las mismas para la población local.

Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in urban home gardens in the city of Abaetetuba, Pará state, Brazil / Estudio etnobotánico de las plantas medicinales en los jardines de patios urbanos de Abaetetuba, Pará, Brasil

This was an ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants occurring in home gardens in the northern Brazilian Pará state. We conducted semi-structured interviews with the owners of 233 home gardens selected by probability sampling. We analyzed the data qualitatively, complemented by indices Total Species Diversity and Total Species Equitability (SDtot and SEtot, respectively); Use Value (UVs); Importance Value (IVs); and Informant Consensus Factor (ICF). We identified 124 species within 107 genera and 55 families. Of the medicinal species identified, 17.6% were considered effective in the treatment of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases. The home gardens evaluated harbored a great diversity of medicinal species (SDtot-47.43), although knowledge of the plants was not distributed evenly (SEtot-0.383). Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. showed the highest UVs (0.462) and Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britton & P.Wilson showed the highest IVs (0.104). The highest ICF value (0.94) was for the treatment of Behavioural Disorders.

La investigación tuvo como objetivo hacer un estudio etnobotánico de las plantas medicinales en los jardines de patios urbanos de Abaetetuba, Pará, Brasil. Fueron realizadas entrevistas semiestructuradas aplicando 233 formularios a los propietarios de los jardines, seleccionados por muestreo probabilístico. Los datos fueron analizados en un enfoque cualitativo, complementado por los índices Diversidad Total (SDtot) y la Equidad Total de especies (SEtot), el Valor de Uso (UVS), Valor de Importancia (IVS) y el Factor de Consenso del Informante (ICF). Se identificaron 124 especies en 107 géneros y 55 familias. Las indicaciones más frecuentes fueron por enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias (17,6%). Los jardines de los patios son el hogar de una gran diversidad de especies medicinales (SDtot ­ 47,43), sin embargo, se observó que el conocimiento acerca de las plantas no se distribuye de manera uniforme (SEtot ­ 0,383). Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. mostró mayor UVS (0.462) y Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britton & P.Wilson mayor IVS (0,104). El ICF mostró mayor acuerdo para el uso de las plantas en los trastornos de comportamiento (0,94).

Centros depositórios de plantas medicinais: herbários como instrumento de gestão da biodiversidade / Depositories centers of medicinal plants: herbaria as management instrument of biodiversity

Sistemas de informação em biodiversidade são fontes para estudos de inestimável valor científico e cultural. O gerenciamento de coleções etnobotânicas de plantas terapêuticas é fundamental no apoio às políticas de gestão patrimonial da biodiversidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar a Coleção de Plantas Medicinais da Amazônia do Herbário Profª Drª Marlene Freitas da Silva ­ MFS, destacando o sistema de informação e organização dos dados das espécies, localidades e usos tradicionais, como forma de contribuir na documentação de patrimônios da biodiversidade. Realizou-se excursões de campo em comunidades ribeirinhas, quilombolas, periurbanas, extrativistas, feiras livres e mercados, para coleta de plantas e produtos, de informações do perfil sócio econômico dos interlocutores e de dados etnobotânicos relacionados. Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Arecaceae, Fabaceae, Amaranthaceae, Rutaceae e Anacardiaceae foram as famílias mais representativas, com 14 espécies presentes em listas de indicação e descrição de medicamentos e fármacos do Ministério da Saúde, com eficácia comprovada quanto ao uso. A fototeca abriga cerca de 700 imagens, enquanto a coleção de drogas é formada por 280 amostras. Incorporou-se 105 produtos de uso terapêutico. A integração dos dados presentes em uma coleção torna-se essencial para estudos farmacológicos, visto que pouco se conhece a respeito do uso e diversidade da flora amazônica.(AU)

Biodiversity information systems are sources for studies of inestimable scientific and cultural value. The management of ethnobotanical collections of therapeutic plants is fundamental in supporting biodiversity management policies. The objective of this study was to show the Collection of Medicinal Plants of the Amazon of the Herbarium Dr. Teacher Marlene Freitas da Silva - MFS, highlighting the information system and organization of the data of the species, localities and traditional uses, as a way to contribute in the documentation of the patrimony of the biodiversity. Field trips carried were out in riverside communities, quilombolas, periurban, extractive, free markets and markets, to collect plants and products, information on the socio-economic profile of interlocutors and related ethnobotanical data. Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Arecaceae, Fabaceae, Amaranthaceae, Rutaceae and Anacardiaceae were the most representative families, with 14 species present in lists of indication and description of medicines and drugs of the Ministry of Health, with proven efficacy. The photo library houses about 700 images, while the drug collection consists of 280 samples. We incorporated 105 products for therapeutic use. The integration of the data present in a collection becomes essential for pharmacological studies, since little known is about the use and diversity of the Amazonian flora.(AU)

Copaiba oil in experimental wound healing in horses / Óleo de Copaíba na cicatrização de feridas experimentais em cavalos

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 10% copaiba oil in experimentally induced wounds in horses. Four wounds were made in the lumbar and metacarpal regions of eight adult horses. In the treatment group, the wounds received 10% copaiba oil and in the control group 0.9% sodium chloride, in the daily dressing for 21 days. The wounds were evaluated three, 7, 14, and 21 days postoperatively. No significant differences were observed between the groups. The mean lumbar wound contraction rates were 80.54% and 69.64%, for the control and treated groups, respectively. For the wounds in the metacarpal region, these averages were 44.15% and 52.48%, respectively. Under the experimental conditions of the present study, it is concluded that 10% copaiba oil has beneficial in wound healing in the equine species and suggest that copaiba oil can be used as a therapeutic possibility in equine wound therapy.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do óleo de copaíba a 10% em feridas induzidas experimentalmente em equinos. Quatro feridas foram confeccionadas nas regiões lombares e metacarpianas de oito cavalos adultos. No grupo tratamento, as feridas receberam óleo de copaíba a 10% e no grupo controle, cloreto de sódio a 0,9% nos curativos diários durante 21 dias. As avaliações das feridas foram feitas aos 3, 7, 14, e 21 dias de pós-operatório. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos estudados. As médias das taxas de contração das feridas lombares foram 79,24% e 69,64%, para o grupo controle e tratado, respectivamente. Nas feridas do metacarpo, estas médias foram 44,78% e 52,05%, respectivamente. Nas condições experimentais deste estudo, conclui-se que o óleo de copaíba a 10% foi benéfico na cicatrização de feridas na espécie equina, sendo uma alternativa terapêutica para cura de feridas nesta espécie.

Essential oils composition of croton species from the Amazon.

The essential oils of leaves and twigs from the Euphorbiaceous Croton draconoides, C. urucurana and Julocroton triqueter were obtained and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. In total, 101 volatile constituents were identified, comprising an average of 90% of the oil, mostly made up of mono- and sesquiterpenes. The monoterpene hydrocarbons varied from 1.2 to 40.2%, the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons from 34.0 to 49.6% and the oxygenated sesquiterpenes from 11.5 to 51.3%. The main compounds found in the oil of C. draconoides were beta-pinene (16.9%), alpha-pinene (16.5%), curzerene (12.8%), germacrene D (9.0%), gamma-elemene (4.7%), and elemol (4.4%). The oil of C. urucurana showed sesquicineole (23.0%), dehydro-sesquicineole (13.8%), beta-caryophyllene (7.9%), beta-bisabolol (5.0%), germacrene D (4.2%) and beta-elemene (4.1%) as the chief compounds. The oil of J. triqueter was dominated by beta-caryophyllene (16.3%), beta-phellandrene (10.2%), spathulenol (5.1%), caryophyllene oxide (5.0%), delta-cadinene (4.3%), (E)-nerolidol (4.3%), and alpha-copaene (4.1%).

Molecular evaluation of the incidence of Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys and Babesia spp. in dogs from Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.

Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis caused by Ehrlichiacanis is endemic in many regions of Brazil. Since thrombocytopenia is a common finding in infected dogs, many clinicians tend to use it as an indication for antibiotic treatment. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested PCR were used to study the presence of E. canis, Anaplasma platys and Babesia spp. in thrombocytopenic and non-thrombocytopenic dogs from Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Despite the high prevalence of E. canis infection among thrombocytopenic dogs, 46.7% of the thrombocytopenic dogs studied were either infected with Babesia spp. or A.platys or not infected with any of the three pathogens. There was a high incidence (25.4%) of E. canis infection in non-thrombocytopenic dogs. Although infection with E. canis should be considered in thrombocytopenic dogs, the final diagnosis needs to be confirmed by complementary tests such as blood smears and PCR to avoid the unnecessary use of antibiotics.

Morfometria da cicatrizacão do cólon descendente de eqüinos submetidos a enterorrafias aposicional e invaginante / Morphometry colon healing descending from equines submitted to appositional and inverting enterorrhaphies

A pesquisa foi conduzida com o objetivo de comparar duas técnicas de enterorrafias no cólon descendente de eqüinos, uma aposicional e outra invaginante, utilizando-se de avaliacões morfométricas. As intervencões cirúrgicas foram executadas em 15 eqüinos adultos sadios, pelo flanco esquerdo, sob anestesia geral inalatória. As enterotomias foram realizadas na tênia antimesentérica do cólon descendente e as enterorrafias foram feitas com fio de poliglactina 910 nº 0. Os eqüinos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em cinco grupos de três animais cada e submetidos à eutanásia aos três, sete, 14, 21 e 35 dias de pós-operatório para colheita de segmentos intestinais dos locais das enterorrafias para análise morfométrica. Com o auxílio de analisador de imagens, foram contados os números de neutrófilos, células mononucleares e eosinófilos ao redor do fio de sutura. Na contagem de neutrófilos, houve diferenca (P = 0,05) entre as enterorrafias, com maior número na aposicional. Quanto aos mononucleares, observou-se diferenca (P = 0,01) na interacão entre os dias de pós-operatório e as enterorrafias. Não foram observadas diferencas (P > 0,05) na contagem de eosinófilos. Concluiu-se que a enterorrafia invaginante causou reacão inflamatória de menor intensidade que a aposicional, sendo a opcão preferencial para uso neste órgão.