Mortality and Cardiovascular Complications in Older Complex Chronic Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

AIMS/INTRODUCTION: Determining the prevalence of diabetes and its cardiovascular complications and all-cause mortality in older chronic complex patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a multicenter retrospective study and included a randomized sample of 932 CCP people. We assessed the prevalence of diabetes according to World Health Organization criteria. Data included demographics and functional, comorbidity, cognitive, and social assessment. RESULTS: The prevalence of diabetes was 53% and average age 81.16 ± 8.93 years. There were no significant differences in the survival of CCP patients with or without DM, with or without ischaemic cardiopathy, and with or without peripheral vascular disease. The prognostic factors of all-cause mortality in patients with DM were age ≥ 80 years [HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.02-2.13, p 0.038], presence of heart failure [HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.25-2.38, p 0.001], Charlson score [HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.06-1.36, p 0.003], presence of cognitive impairment [HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.24-2.40, p 0.001], and no treatment with statins [HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.08-2.04, p 0.038]. CONCLUSIONS: We found high prevalence of DM among CCP patients and the relative importance of traditional risk factors seemed to wane with advancing age. Recommendations may include relaxing treatment goals, providing family/patient education, and enhanced communication strategies.

[Incidence and preventability of haemorrhagic strokes. Results of the Ebrictus register]. / Incidencia y evitabilidad de los ictus hemorragicos. Resultados del registro Ebrictus.

AIM: To determine the population incidence of intracerebral haemorrhage and its preventable incidence, associated risk factors and prognosis of death and disability. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We examined a sample of 240 consecutive patients with a first episode of intracerebral haemorrhage between 1st April 2006 and 30th June 2015. The main variables are: NIHSS scale, comorbidity, pharmacological information, Barthel index, Rankin scale, time within therapeutic window, prognosis and destination on hospital discharge. The 'unnecessarily premature and sanitarily avoidable mortality' (MIPSE) classification was applied to define the cases as 'preventable incidence'. RESULTS: The rate of population incidence of haemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease was 23.5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants/year; an exponential increase occurred from the age of 55 years in males and 75 years in females. The rate ratio was 0.682. The preventable incidence would account for 66.6% of all the cases in those under 75 years of age and 22.7% in those aged 75 or over. The chances of survival and functional autonomy were significantly lower in females, and age, anticoagulant treatment, the presence of polymedication and treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants were factors that were independent of the prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of haemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease does not appear to be modified within the period, but just the opposite occurs with the factors associated according to sex and age. According to the MIPSE classification, the preventability of haemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease could be as high as 36%.

TITLE: Incidencia y evitabilidad de los ictus hemorragicos. Resultados del registro Ebrictus.Objetivo. Conocer la incidencia poblacional de la hemorragia intracerebral y su incidencia evitable, factores de riesgo asociados y pronostico de muerte y discapacidad. Sujetos y metodos. Muestra de 240 pacientes consecutivos con un primer episodio de hemorragia intracerebral entre el 1 de abril de 2006 y el 30 de junio de 2015. Las variables principales son: escala NIHSS, comorbilidad, informacion farmacologica, indice de Barthel, escala de Rankin, tiempo en rango terapeutico, pronostico y destino al alta hospitalaria. Se aplico la clasificacion 'mortalidad innecesariamente prematura y sanitariamente evitable' (MIPSE) para definir los casos como 'incidencia evitable'. Resultados. La tasa de incidencia poblacional de enfermedad cerebrovascular hemorragica fue de 23,5 casos por 100.000 habitantes/año; se produjo un incremento exponencial a partir de los 55 años en hombres y 75 años en mujeres. La razon de tasas fue de 0,682. La incidencia evitable significaria el 66,6% de todos los casos en los menores de 75 años y el 22,7% en aquellos con 75 o mas años. La probabilidad de supervivencia y la autonomia funcional fueron significativamente inferiores en las mujeres, y la edad, el tratamiento anticoagulante, la presencia de polimedicacion y el tratamiento con antidepresivos inhibidores de la recaptacion de serotonina fueron factores independientes del pronostico. Conclusiones. No parece que se modifique la incidencia de enfermedad cerebrovascular hemorragica en el periodo, pero si los factores asociados segun sexo y edad. Segun la clasificacion MIPSE, la evitabilidad de la enfermedad cerebrovascular hemorragica seria de hasta un 36%.

Estudio Ebrictus. Resultados funcionales, supervivencia y años potenciales de vida perdidos después del primer episodio de ictus / Ebrictus study. Functional results, survival, and potential years of life lost after the first stroke

Objetivo: Conocer la mortalidad, el grado de dependencia, la supervivencia y los años potenciales de vida perdidos (APVP) después de un primer episodio de ictus. Diseño: Estudio de cohorte fija. Emplazamiento: Base comunitaria. Participantes: Entre el 1/4/2006 y el 31/3/2008 fueron incluidas 553 personas entre 15-90 años, con un primer episodio de ictus definitivo o transitorio. Mediciones principales: Grado de dependencia según la escala de Barthel (EB) al año, APVP (1-70 años) a partir de las medias de las esperanzas de vida al nacer, análisis de supervivencia por curvas de Kaplan-Meier, bivariante entre pacientes fallecidos y supervivientes, y multivariante de Cox. Resultados: Edad media, 73,3; DE: 11,6 años. El tiempo medio de seguimiento fue 29,7; DE:13,4 meses, en el que un 26,6% de los pacientes fallecieron. El valor medio EB descendió > 20%, especialmente entre las mujeres. El 41,5% (IC 95% 30,6-52,8%) tenía una dependencia moderada o más. La probabilidad de supervivencia global acumulada fue de 0,96 (IC 95% 0,94-0,97) el primer mes y 0,69 (IC 95% 0,65-0,72) al final. La fibrinólisis mejoró significativamente la curva de supervivencia a los 3 años post-episodio, en particular entre las mujeres. Los factores pronósticos independientes para la supervivencia global fueron la edad (riesgo relativo [RR] 1,08, IC 95% 1,001-1,179) y la incidencia de un nuevo episodio cardiovascular (RR 6,97, IC 95% 2,23-21,7). La tasa de APVP fue 11,5/104, DE 7,2, significativamente mayor en los hombres. Conclusiones: La evolución funcional, la mortalidad y la tasa de APVP son diferentes por género. La incidencia de un nuevo episodio cardiovascular es un factor pronóstico independiente de la supervivencia(AU)

Aim: To determine the mortality, degree of dependence, survival, and years of life lost (YLL) after first episode of stroke. Design: Cohort study. Location: Community based register. Participants: A total of 553 subjects between 15-90 years with a first episode of definitive or transitory stroke were recruited between 01/04/2006 and 31/03/2008.MeasurementsThe analyses were performed with the use of time-to-event methods, according to the intention-to-treat principle. The level of dependency was assessed according to the Barthel Scale one year after stroke; YLL (1-70 years) from the mean life expectancies at birth; survival analysis by Kaplan-Meier's curves, bivariate analysis comparing the variables between patients who had survived and those who died, and Cox's multivariate.: Results: The mean age was 73.3 (±11.6 years. The mean time of follow-up was 29.7±13,4 months, during which 26.6% of the patients died. The mean Barthel score fell by >20%, particularly among women. There was moderate or greater dependence in 41.5% (95%CI 30.6-52.8%) of the subjects. The overall accumulative probability of survival was 0.96 (95% CI 0.94-0.97) in the first month and 0.69 (95% CI 0.65-0.72) in the fourth year. The thrombolytic treatment showed a protective effect on mortality, particularly among the women. The main predictive variables were, history of recurrent cardiovascular event (RR 6.7, 95% CI 2.2-21.7) and aging (RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01-1.2). The average YLL was 11.5/10000/year SD7.2, and higher among men. Conclusion: There are differences in functional outcome, mortality, and potential years of life lost by gender. A new cardiovascular event is an independent prognostic factor of survival(AU)

Resultados de prevención cardiovascular primaria y secundaria en pacientes con ictus: riesgo de recurrencia y supervivencia asociada (estudio Ebrictus) / Primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention results in patients with stroke: relapse risk and associated survival (Ebrictus study)

Introducción. La prevalencia y el control de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV) determinarán no sólo el riesgo de presentar un ictus, sino también de recurrencia asociada a un incremento de la mortalidad y de la discapacidad residual. Objetivo. Analizar la prevalencia de FRCV modificables en pacientes con un primer episodio de ictus, describir los resultados de la prevención cardiovascular primaria y secundaria, el riesgo de recurrencia y su relación con la supervivencia. Pacientes y métodos. Es un estudio prospectivo de una cohorte de edad entre 15-89 años asignados a ocho centros de atención primaria entre el 1 de abril de 2006 y el 31 de marzo de 2008 a partir de un registro comunitario; un análisis de FRCV, riesgo relativo asociado (RR) y control según objetivos del Plan Director de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, riesgo cardiovascular y riesgo de recurrencia; y análisis multivariante de Cox de la supervivencia. Resultados. Hubo 553 casos (283 varones y 270 mujeres), con una edad media de 73,3 ± 11,6 años. Aumentó la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial (74,9% frente a 88,7%), fibrilación auricular (9,9% frente a 16%) y dislipemia (37,8% frente a 49,8%), y mejoró su control. Existen diferencias en la distribución de los FRCV según el sexo y la edad. El 47% (intervalo de confianza del 95%, IC 95% = 42,8-51,2) tiene un alto riesgo de recidiva, produciéndose recurrencias cardiovasculares en el 15,7%, de las cuales el 48,3% fueron ictus. Los factores pronósticos independientes para la supervivencia global fueron la edad (RR = 1,08; IC 95% = 1,001-1,179) y la incidencia de un nuevo episodio cardiovascular (RR = 6,97; IC 95% = 2,23-21,7). Conclusión. La prevención cardiovascular secundaria es más efectiva y decisiva en los resultados de supervivencia (AU)

Introduction. The prevalence and cardiovascular risk factors control (CVRF) are determining to suffer a stroke and its relapse which arise the mortality and disability. Aim. To estimate the incidence of the first episode of ictus and describe the results in primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention. Patients and methods. Observational and prospective study of a fix cohort of 130,649 people, 15-90-year-old assigned to participants centers between 01/04/2006 and 31/03/2008. Community based register. Analyses were performed with the use of time-to-event methods, included Cox’s multivariate on survival, risk of it’s relapse; the CVRF diagnosed and it’s relative risk (RR); cardiovascular risk. Results. 553 patients were enrolled (48,8% female), average age 73.3 ± 11.6 years with the first episode of stroke. After the episode, the hypertension (74.9% vs 88.7%), atrial fibrillation (9.9% vs 16%) and dislipemia (37.8% vs 49.8%) increased significantly as well its control. The 47% (95% CI = 42.8-51.2) of the cases had high risk of relapsing. In the 15.7% of the patients happened relapse of cardiovascular event, 48.3% of which were stroke. The main predictors variables were history of recurrent cardiovascular event (RR = 6.7; 95% CI = 2.2-21.7) and the aging (RR = 1,08; 95% CI = 1.01-1.2). Conclusion. The cardiovascular secondary prevention seems to be more effective both in CVRF’s detection and its control and is extremely important to get better results of survival (AU)

[Ebrictus study. Functional results, survival, and potential years of life lost after the first stroke]. / Estudio Ebrictus. Resultados funcionales, supervivencia y años potenciales de vida perdidos después del primer episodio de ictus.

AIM: To determine the mortality, degree of dependence, survival, and years of life lost (YLL) after first episode of stroke. DESIGN: Cohort study. LOCATION: Community based register. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 553 subjects between 15-90 years with a first episode of definitive or transitory stroke were recruited between 01/04/2006 and 31/03/2008. MEASUREMENTS: The analyses were performed with the use of time-to-event methods, according to the intention-to-treat principle. The level of dependency was assessed according to the Barthel Scale one year after stroke; YLL (1-70 years) from the mean life expectancies at birth; survival analysis by Kaplan-Meier's curves, bivariate analysis comparing the variables between patients who had survived and those who died, and Cox's multivariate. RESULTS: The mean age was 73.3 (±11.6 years. The mean time of follow-up was 29.7 ± 13,4 months, during which 26.6% of the patients died. The mean Barthel score fell by >20%, particularly among women. There was moderate or greater dependence in 41.5% (95%CI 30.6-52.8%) of the subjects. The overall accumulative probability of survival was 0.96 (95% CI 0.94-0.97) in the first month and 0.69 (95% CI 0.65-0.72) in the fourth year. The thrombolytic treatment showed a protective effect on mortality, particularly among the women. The main predictive variables were, history of recurrent cardiovascular event (RR 6.7, 95% CI 2.2-21.7) and aging (RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01-1.2). The average YLL was 11.5/10000/year SD7.2, and higher among men. CONCLUSION: There are differences in functional outcome, mortality, and potential years of life lost by gender. A new cardiovascular event is an independent prognostic factor of survival.