Fatores psicossociais e Transtornos Mentais Comuns no teletrabalho do judiciário trabalhista na pandemia de Covid-19 / Psychosocial factors and common mental disorders in telework in the labor judiciary during the COVID-19 pandemic

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relação entre os fatores psicossociais no teletrabalho e a prevalência de Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TCM) em um órgão do judiciário trabalhista brasileiro durante a pandemia de Covid-19. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 119 magistrados e 934 servidores entre agosto e outubro de 2021. Os fatores psicossociais do trabalho foram avaliados por meio dos domínios de demandas, controle e suporte social da versão revisada do Maastricht Upper Extremity Questionnaire e os TCM foram avaliados por meio do Self-Reporting Questionnaire. As razões de prevalência de TCM de acordo com os fatores psicossociais do trabalho foram obtidas por meio de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Magistrados e servidores apresentaram prevalências de TCM de 45,38% e 36,94%, respectivamente, considerando o ponto de corte 6/7. As maiores prevalências de TCM foram associadas ao trabalho de alta exigência, especialmente quando o suporte social foi mais baixo nos dois grupos. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem ao judiciário e a outros setores a necessidade de desenvolver ações visando à redução das demandas de trabalho e à promoção de suporte social adequado para a preservação da saúde mental no teletrabalho.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between psychosocial factors in telework and the prevalence of common mental disorders in a Brazilian labor court during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 119 judges and 934 civil servants between August and October 2021. The psychosocial work factors were assessed using the domains of demands, control and social support of the revised version of the Maastricht Upper Extremity Questionnaire and common mental disorders were assessed using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire. The prevalence ratios of common mental disorders according to psychosocial work factors were obtained using Poisson regression with robust variance. Judges and civil servants had a prevalence of common mental disorders of 45.38% and 36.94%, respectively, considering the 6/7 cut-off point. The highest prevalences of common mental disorders were associated with high work demands, especially when social support was lower in both groups. The results of this study suggest to the judiciary and other sectors the need to develop actions aimed at reducing work demands and promoting adequate social support to preserve mental health in teleworking.

Satisfação e sobrecarga de trabalho em profissionais da saúde mental / Satisfaction and work overload in mental health professionals / Satisfacción y sobrecarga de trabajo entre los profesionales de la salud mental

RESUMO: Buscou-se neste estudo avaliar a satisfação e a sobrecarga de profissionais de saúde mental em um município de médio porte em São Paulo. Realizou-se um estudo quantiqualitativo, com a Escala de Avaliação da Satisfação de Profissionais em Serviços de Saúde Mental e a Escala de Avaliação da Sobrecarga de Profissionais em Serviços de Saúde Mental para dados quantitativos. Além disso, dados qualitativos foram obtidos por meio da análise de atas das reuniões do Comitê Gestor da Pesquisa com o suporte do software NVivo Release 1.3. Os resultados revelaram que os profissionais de saúde mental experimentaram menor sobrecarga nos serviços de sua área, porém mostraram-se insatisfeitos com o trabalho. Embora a satisfação tenha sido relativamente mais alta nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas e nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial II em comparação com o ambulatório, essas diferenças não foram estatisticamente significativas. Em suma, os achados indicam que maior insatisfação e menor sobrecarga não são eventos independentes e corroboram outros estudos. A triangulação de fontes de dados contribuiu para uma compreensão mais ampla do tema, destacando-se a importância de se considerarem a satisfação e a sobrecarga dos profissionais na melhoria do cuidado em saúde mental.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the satisfaction and burden of mental health professionals in a medium-sized municipality in São Paulo, Brazil. A quantitative-qualitative study was conducted using the Mental Health Services Professional Satisfaction Rating Scale and the Mental Health Services Professional Burden Rating Scale for quantitative data. In addition, qualitative data were obtained through the analysis of minutes of the Research Steering Committee meetings with the support of the NVivo Release 1.3 software. The results revealed that mental health professionals experienced less overload in services in their area but were dissatisfied with their work. Although satisfaction was relatively higher in the Alcohol and Drugs Psychosocial Care Centers and Psychosocial Care Centers II compared to the outpatient clinic, these differences were not statistically significant. In short, the findings indicate that greater dissatisfaction and less overload are not independent events and corroborate other studies. The triangulation of data sources contributed to a broader understanding of the topic, highlighting the importance of considering the satisfaction and burden of professionals in improving mental health care.

RESUMEN: Este estudio buscó evaluar la satisfacción y la sobrecarga de los profesionales de la salud mental en un municipio de tamaño medio de São Paulo (Brasil). Fue realizado un estudio cuantitativo y cualitativo, utilizando la Escala de Evaluación de la Satisfacción de los Profesionales de los Servicios de Salud Mental y la Escala de Evaluación de la Sobrecarga de los Profesionales de los Servicios de Salud Mental para los datos cuantitativos. Además, se obtuvieron datos cualitativos mediante el análisis de las minutas de las reuniones del Comité Directivo de Investigación con el apoyo del software NVivo Release 1.3. Los resultados obtenidos señalaron que los profesionales de la salud mental presentaban una menor sobrecarga en los servicios de su área, pero estaban insatisfechos con su trabajo. A pesar de que la satisfacción fue relativamente mayor en los Centros de Atención Psicosocial de Alcohol y Drogas y en los Centros de Atención Psicosocial II en comparación con el ambulatorio, estas diferencias no fueron estadísticamente significativas. En resumen, los resultados indican que una mayor insatisfacción y una menor sobrecarga no son hechos independientes y coinciden con otros estudios. La triangulación de las fuentes de datos ha contribuido a una comprensión mayor del tema, destacando la importancia de considerar la satisfacción y la sobrecarga de los profesionales en la mejora de la atención a la salud mental.

Tecnologias de informação e comunicação: revisão de escopo dos instrumentos de avaliação dos fatores de risco psicossociais no trabalho contemporâneo / Information and communication technologies: a scoping review of instruments to evaluate psychosocial risk factors at contemporary work

Resumo Introdução: a pandemia da COVID-19 desencadeou uma recessão global e o aumento da precarização do trabalho. Nesse cenário, o uso intensivo das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) contribuiu para o surgimento de novos fatores de riscos psicossociais no trabalho (FRPT) e para o aumento da ocorrência de transtornos mentais nos trabalhadores. Objetivos: identificar instrumentos que avaliam os FRPT disponíveis na literatura e verificar se eles incorporaram as novas dimensões psicossociais do trabalho mediadas pelas TIC. Métodos: revisão de escopo, com busca nas bases PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Embase, Scopus e Web of Science, de artigos publicados no período de 1990 a 2023 seguindo as recomendações do Instituto Joanna Briggs e do PRISMA-ScR . Buscou-se agrupar estudos e instrumentos relevantes e identificar lacunas. Resultados: foram selecionados 18 instrumentos, de 3.424 artigos. Dez deles incluíram escalas/dimensões previstas no PRIMA-EF, dois incluíram dimensões do uso das TIC e seis foram considerados específicos para a avaliação de FRPT por TIC. Conclusão: destacam-se a importância do uso dos instrumentos de acordo com o contexto em que foram desenvolvidos, os fatores de estresse digital que ainda não foram considerados nesses questionários e a relevância do suporte da organização para a redução do tecnoestresse nos trabalhadores.

Abstract Introduction: the COVID-19 pandemic triggered a global recession and increased work precarity. In this scenario, the intensive use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) contributed to the appearance of new occupational psychosocial hazards, and the increase of mental disorders among workers. Objectives: to identify instruments that assess occupational psychosocial risks and stress available in literature and verify whether they include the new psychosocial work dimensions caused by ICTs. Methods: a scope review was conducted by searching the PubMed, BvS, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science databases for articles published between 1990 and 2023, following the Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA-ScR recommendations. It sought to group the relevant studies and instruments and identify gaps that should be observed. Results: bibliographic search identified 18 instruments, from 3424 articles. Ten included scales/dimensions foreseen by PRIMA-EF, two included dimensions on ICT use and six were considered specific for assessing ICT-related occupational psychosocial risks. Conclusion: the study highlights the importance of using context-appropriate instruments, the digital stress factors yet to be included in these questionnaires and the relevance of organizational support to reduce technostress in workers.

Comprometimento da Capacidade para o Trabalho e efeitos neuropsicológicos entre trabalhadores com Covid-19 prévia / Impairment of Work Ability and neuropsychological effects among workers who have had COVID-19

RESUMO A Covid-19 é uma doença multissistêmica e consequências funcionais e tardias estão em estudo. Sequelas psicológicas e neurocognitivas podem comprometer a Capacidade para o Trabalho (CT) dos trabalhadores. Objetivou-se investigar a CT de pessoas previamente infectadas pelo Sars-CoV-2, correlacionando-a com avaliação da sonolência, ansiedade, depressão e fadiga. Estudo transversal, com trabalhadores diagnosticados com Covid-19 e em acompanhamento no Serviço de Neurologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). Aplicou-se o instrumento Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho (ICT), um formulário com dados sociodemográficos e ocupacionais, bem como escalas de sonolência, ansiedade, depressão e fadiga. Dos 119 trabalhadores que participaram do estudo, mais da metade apresentaram comprometimento da CT (52,9%). Distúrbio emocional foi o agravo relatado mais frequente (31,9%). A regressão logística múltipla mostrou que a interação entre ansiedade e sonolência esteve associada ao comprometimento da CT (OR=4,50 com p=0,002). Ansiedade e sonolência foram alterações tardias da Covid-19 e associadas ao comprometimento da CT dos trabalhadores avaliados. Este estudo demonstra a necessidade de que todos os trabalhadores com teste positivo por Covid-19 tenham sua CT avaliada por ocasião do retorno ao trabalho. Ações de promoção à saúde, reabilitação funcional e adaptação do trabalho de acordo com as sequelas apresentadas pelos trabalhadores.

ABSTRACT COVID-19 is a multisystemic disease, with functional and late consequences still under study. Psychological and neurocognitive sequelae impact workers' quality of life and may compromise the Work Ability (WA). The objective was to investigate the WA of people infected with SARS-CoV-2, correlating it with the assessment of sleepiness, anxiety, depression and fatigue. Cross-sectional study, involving workers diagnosed with COVID-19 under follow-up at the Department of Neurology of Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Application of the Work Ability Index (WAI) analyzed with sociodemographic and occupational variables, as well the sleepiness, anxiety, depression and fatigue scales. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. 119 workers participated in the study and, among them, more than half had WA impairment (52.9%). Emotional disorders were the most frequent reported problem (31.9%). Multiple logistic regression showed that the interaction between anxiety and sleepiness was associated with WA impairment (OR=4.50, p=0.002). Anxiety and sleepiness were associated with previous COVID-19 and they were associated with WA impairment among workers. This study shows the WA evaluation should be provided for all workers with a previous history of COVID-19, when they return to work. This assessment can guide health promotion actions, functional rehabilitation and work adaptation to the sequelae presented by workers, singularly.

Risco de suicídio no trabalho: revisão integrativa sobre fatores psicossociais / Work and suicide risk: Integrative review

RESUMO O suicídio é subestimado e estigmatizado na sociedade e, quando relacionado ao trabalho, é ainda mais invisível. Este estudo procurou analisar a literatura científica sobre o risco de suicídio ou tentativa de suicídio entre trabalhadores e sua relação com fatores psicossociais e assédio no local de trabalho. Utilizou-se sete bases eletrônicas de dados e os descritores, em inglês: ["Work" OR "Workplace"] AND ["Occupational Stress" OR "Workplace Violence" OR "Harassment, Non-Sexual" OR "Sexual Harassment"] AND ["Suicide" OR "Suicide, Attempted"]. Estudos sobre "ideação suicida" e ocupações fora do contexto de trabalho foram excluídos da revisão. Seguindo as diretrizes do PRISMA, foram identificadas 1427 referências e 15 artigos foram selecionados. Apresentaram associação significativa com o risco de suicídio e/ou tentativa de suicídio: assédio no trabalho, elevadas demandas de trabalho, baixa autonomia, baixo apoio social, conflitos trabalho-família, receio de perder o emprego e insatisfação com o trabalho. Estresse grave no trabalho também apresentou associação com risco de suicídio, quando combinado ao estresse doméstico grave. Este estudo evidenciou que o medo de perder o emprego, assédio e fatores psicossociais no trabalho aumentam o risco de suicídio e tentativa de suicídio dos trabalhadores. Tais condições devem ser alvo de atenção no cuidado de trabalhadores.

ABSTRACT Suicide is underestimated and stigmatized in society and work-related suicide is even more invisible. This study aimed to analyze the scientific literature on the risk of suicide or attempted suicide among workers and its relationship with psychosocial factors, harassment and harassment in the workplace. An integrative literature review was carried out in seven databases, using the following descriptors: ["Work" OR "Workplace"] AND ["Occupational Stress" OR "Workplace Violence" OR "Harassment, Non-Sexual" OR "Sexual Harassment"] AND ["Suicide" OR "Suicide, Attempted"]. Studies focused on "suicidal ideation" and specifically related to certain occupations were excluded. According to PRISMA guidelines, 1427 references were identified and 15 articles were selected. There was a significant association between the risk of suicide and/or suicide attempt with harassment at work, high psychological and cognitive demands, low control/autonomy, fear of losing the job/be downgraded, work-family conflicts, poor social support, and job dissatisfaction. Severe work-related stress was also associated with the risk of suicide, when combined with severe domestic stress. This study showed that fear of losing a job, harassment and psychosocial factors at work increase the risk of suicide and attempted suicide. Such conditions should be focus of the attention on workers'care.

Ergonomic and psychosocial risks related to musculoskeletal problems among Brazilian labor judges in telework during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ergonomic and psychosocial risks in telework and their relationship with musculoskeletal problems in Brazilian labor judges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 119 participants. Data were collected through a sociodemographic and occupational questionnaire, from the Brazilian versions of the revised Maastricht upper extremity questionnaire (MUEQ-Br revised), the rapid office strain assessment (ROSA-Br) and the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire (NMQ), added to a numerical pain scale. Results. According to the ROSA-Br, 47.06% of the participants showed an outcome where it is considered that there is a need for immediate intervention in the workplace. Results of the ROSA-Br and the MUEQ-Br revised presented a significant correlation with the intensity of complaints in the neck and shoulders in the last 12 months and in the last 7 days. The total score of MUEQ-Br revised presented more important correlations with problems in these body regions and with the intensity of complaints in the upper back, wrists/hands and lower back in both periods. Conclusions. Companies should propose ways to assess the ergonomic and psychosocial risks among their employees in telework as a way to prevent the occurrence of musculoskeletal problems.

Factores psicosociales y síndrome de burnout en profesores de la enseñanza básica / Fatores psicossociais e síndrome de burnout em professores da educação básica / Psychosocial factors and burnout syndrome among teachers in elementary education

A Síndrome de Burnout (SB) é uma doença resultante de estresse crônico no trabalho que acomete trabalhadores de diferentes áreas, inclusive professores. Este é um estudo de revisão sistemática com objetivo de verificar a associação entre os fatores psicossociais do trabalho (FPT), as características individuais e a SB em professores da rede de Educação Básica. Foram analisados artigos das bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e Periódicos Capes, publicados entre 2014 e 2018, e que utilizaram o Maslach Burnout Inventory na avaliação de SB. Os resultados evidenciaram prevalência variável de SB entre os docentes. Além dos problemas de infraestrutura, as elevadas demandas de trabalho, a falta de autonomia, a qualidade ruim dos relacionamentos e a violência física e psicológica vivenciada nas escolas foram os principais fatores de risco para a SB. Sugere-se considerar os fatores psicossociais e organizacionais do trabalho nas ações de prevenção da Síndrome de Burnout.

La Síndrome de Burnout (SB) es una enfermedad resultante de estrés crónico en el trabajo que acomete trabajadores de distintas áreas, incluso profesores. Este es un estudio de revisión sistemática con objetivo de verificar la asociación entre los factores psicosociales del trabajo (FPT), las características individuales y la SB en profesores de la red básica de enseñanza. Se analizaron artículos de las bases de datos PubMed, Scielo y Periódicos Capes, publicados entre 2014 y 2018, y que utilizaron el Maslach Burnout Inventory en la evaluación de SB. Los resultados evidenciaron prevalencia variable de SB entre los docentes. Además de los problemas de infraestructura, las elevadas demandas de trabajo, la falta de autonomía, la mala calidad de los relacionamientos y la violencia física y psicológica, vivenciados en las escuelas fueron los principales factores de riesgo para la SB. Se sugiere considerar los factores psicosociales y organizacionales del trabajo en las acciones de prevención de la Síndrome de Burnout.

Burnout Syndrome is a disorder resulting from chronic stress at work. It affects workers from different areas, including teachers. This is a systematic review study with the objective of verifying the association between psychosocial factors at work (PFW) and burnout in elementary education teachers. Articles from the PubMed, Scielo and Capes Journals databases, published between 2014 and 2018, that used the Maslach Burnout Inventory in the burnout evaluation were analyzed. The results showed a variable prevalence of burnout among teachers. In addition to infrastructure problems, high work demands, lack of autonomy, poor quality of relationships, and physical and psychological violence experienced in schools were the main risk factors for burnout. It is recommendable that we consider the psychosocial and organizational factors of work in the prevention actions of Burnout Syndrome.

Psychosocial factors, musculoskeletal symptoms, and presenteeism among labor judges.

Introduction: Labor judges are subjected to productivity goals associated with a workload that does not take into consideration the complexity of their work. Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between psychosocial factors, musculoskeletal problems, and presenteeism among labor judges. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 151 judges who answered a sociodemographic and occupational characterization questionnaire and the Brazilian versions of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, Health and Safety Executive - Indicator Tool, and Stanford Presenteeism Scale. The results underwent a descriptive analysis and Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated. Results: The psychosocial dimension of demands presented a higher risk of occupational stress, while role had a lower risk. Musculoskeletal problems in the neck, upper back, shoulders, and lower back were more common and affected almost 70% of the participants. Presenteeism was more affected by the avoiding distractions dimension. Almost all psychosocial dimensions had a significant correlation with musculoskeletal symptoms (p < 0.05), especially demands, which also was correlated with total presenteeism and the avoiding distractions dimension. Conclusions: The work overload observed among labor judges was related to the occurrence of musculoskeletal problems and to a high prevalence of presenteeism.

Introdução: Os magistrados trabalhistas estão sujeitos a metas de produtividade associadas a uma carga de trabalho que não contempla a complexidade do seu trabalho. Objetivos: Avaliar a relação entre fatores psicossociais, problemas osteomusculares e presenteísmo em magistrados trabalhistas. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 151 magistrados, que responderam a um questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica e ocupacional e às versões brasileiras do Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares, do Health and Safety Executive ­ Indicator Tool e do Stanford Presenteeism Scale. Foram utilizadas análises descritivas e teste de correlação de Spearman. Resultados: A dimensão psicossocial de demandas apresentou um risco mais elevado de estresse ocupacional, enquanto o cargo apresentou um risco mais baixo. Problemas osteomusculares em pescoço, parte superior das costas, ombros e parte inferior das costas foram mais comuns e afetaram quase 70% dos participantes. O presenteísmo foi mais afetado pela dimensão de concentração mantida. Quase todas as dimensões psicossociais apresentaram correlação significativa com os sintomas osteomusculares (p < 0,05), principalmente demandas, que também apresentou correlação com o presenteísmo total e a dimensão de concentração mantida. Conclusões: A sobrecarga de trabalho observada entre os magistrados trabalhistas foi relacionada à ocorrência de problemas osteomusculares e à elevada prevalência de presenteísmo.

Telework Conditions, Ergonomic and Psychosocial Risks, and Musculoskeletal Problems in the COVID-19 Pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of telework conditions with ergonomic and psychosocial risks and with the occurrence of musculoskeletal problems among employees of the Brazilian Labor Judiciary during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 934 workers from August to October 2021. The data were collected via Web using a self-administrated questionnaire survey. Nonparametric tests and generalized linear regression analysis were used. RESULTS: Previous experience in telework was associated with a better evaluation of the home workstation, a lower increase in workload, a greater increase in productivity, and greater preference to continue teleworking after the pandemic. The lack of a place dedicated to telework was specially related to greater ergonomic and psychosocial risks and to the greater occurrence of musculoskeletal problems. CONCLUSIONS: Companies should monitor telework conditions to reduce health risks among their employees.

Assessment instrument of risk factors for exposure to SARS-CoV-2 among health care workers with suspected COVID-19.

Introduction: Health professionals are at high or very high risk of being infected with COVID-19, making it essential to adopt control and protection measures. The World Health Organization developed a risk assessment instrument to identify possible protection failures and to guide corrective actions. Objectives: To test an adapted version of this instrument among health care workers with a suspected case of COVID-19. Methods: The World Health Organization instrument was translated and adapted with the participation of health care workers. The adapted version was inserted into Google Forms® and applied to 211 health care workers with a suspected case of COVID-19 in three public hospitals. Results: Fifty-five percent of workers were nursing professionals. The main risk factors for exposure to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were failures in training, in donning and doffing, and in the use and maintenance of personal and collective protective equipment; problems in cleaning rooms and equipment; and changes in work organization. The assessment instrument fulfilled its purpose of assessing risk factors for exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and helped adopt the corrective and preventive measures required to prevent COVID-19 among health care workers. Conclusions: The adapted instrument proved to be an important support tool to improve risk management and protection of these workers.

Percepção de motoristas de Uber sobre condições de trabalho e saúde no contexto da Covid-19 / Uber drivers perception about their work and health conditions in the context of Covid-19

RESUMO O trabalho mediado por plataformas como a Uber vende uma ideia ilusória de 'empreendedorismo' para descaracterizar vínculos trabalhistas, sem perder o controle sobre os motoristas. Na pandemia da Covid-19, motoristas de aplicativos arcaram com custos adicionais para adotar medidas de proteção para evitar o risco de contaminação pelo Sars-CoV-2. Estudo descritivo e comparativo conduzido a partir de uma amostra de conveniência com motoristas da plataforma Uber. O instrumento de pesquisa foi a aplicação virtual de questionário desenvolvido pelos pesquisadores com contribuições de representantes de associações e sindicato da categoria. De um grupo com cerca 500 motoristas Uber de grupos de WhatsApp, 104 motoristas participaram do estudo, dos quais 50tem jornadas de onze horas diárias ou mais e 24trabalham sete dias por semana. Na pandemia, 79referiram redução das horas trabalhadas, 96diminuição da renda e 17tiveram sintomas compatíveis com Covid-19. Condições precárias de trabalho foram agravadas durante a pandemia, que ressaltou a vulnerabilidade do modelo de trabalho mediado por aplicativos. Esses trabalhadores são expostos a um trabalho inseguro, sem garantias pela empresa que os contrata, e ainda assumem todos os custos e riscos do exercício profissional. Esta pesquisa deu voz aos motoristas de aplicativos e, assim, pode contribuir para a melhoria de suas condições de trabalho.

ABSTRACT Work mediated by platforms such as Uber sells an illusory idea of 'entrepreneurship' to mischaracterize labor relations, without losing control over drivers. In the Covid-19 pandemic, Uber drivers had to handle with additional costs to adopt protective measures in order to avoid risks of contamination by Sars-CoV-2. Quantitative cross-sectional study based on a convenience sample with Uber drivers. The research instrument was a questionnaire developed by the researchers, with contributions from representatives of associations and unions. Out of 500 Uber drives in the WhatsApp groups, 104 drivers participated in the study, 50referred working-hours equal or above 11 daily hours, and 24worked seven days a week. In the pandemic, 79reported a reduction in working hours, 96had a decreased income and 17presented symptoms compatible with Covid-19. Poor working conditions were aggravated during the pandemic that highlighted the vulnerability of the application-mediated work model. These drivers are exposed to unsafe work conditions, with no guarantees by the hiring company, and also assume all costs and risks of their professional practice. This study gave voice to these drivers and, thus, it can contribute to propose improvements of their working conditions.

Telework during the COVID-19 pandemic: Ergonomic and psychosocial risks among Brazilian labor justice workers.

BACKGROUND: The imposition of telework by the COVID-19 pandemic represented a challenge for companies and workers with regard to the management and organization of the workplace at home. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the ergonomic risks, psychosocial factors and musculoskeletal symptoms as well as the relationships between these variables in employees of a Brazilian labor judiciary unit. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 55 employees who had their workstations evaluated by means of the Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA-Br) and answered a questionnaire of sociodemographic and occupational characterization, the dimensions of workstation and posture of the Maastricht Upper Extremity Questionnaire (MUEQ-Br-revised), the short version of the Job Stress Scale and the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). RESULTS: The workstations evaluations by ROSA-Br and MUEQ-Br-revised showed a strong correlation between themselves and to body posture, but they were not related to the occurrence of musculoskeletal symptoms. Body posture and demands were correlated to each other and with to occurrence of musculoskeletal symptoms. Shoulders, neck and wrists / hands were the most affected body regions. CONCLUSIONS: Companies that adopt teleworking for their employees must be aware of working conditions at home, including the workload, and offer adequate support in order to prevent the occurrence of musculoskeletal problems.

Shoulder arthralgia: case study of the Occupational Medicine clinic of Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp).

Introduction: Shoulder pain is ranked as the third most common musculoskeletal complaint in clinical practice. It is estimated that 65 to 70% of these occurrences are due to rotator cuff injuries. A significant number of rotator cuff syndrome cases are work related. Objectives: To evaluate the success or failure of therapeutic and administrative procedures for workers treated at an occupational medicine outpatient clinic. Methods: This study analyzed the medical reports of 142 workers treated for shoulder pain between January 2015 and December 2019. To homogenize the information, medical record review was necessary in some cases. Results: Rotator cuff syndrome was diagnosed in 84% of the cases after imaging exams. Conservative treatment was recommended for 88% of these patients and 58% required subsequent surgical treatment. Regarding rehabilitation, 51% of the patients were able to return to work and 49% returned to the same job function. Conclusions: Diagnosing rotator cuff syndrome requires clinical and occupational history assessment, as well as imaging examinations, and the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound were similar to magnetic resonance imaging. Removal from work and its risks must be an integral part of treatment. Upon returning to work, the rehabilitation and reintegration process should involve activities that will not worsen the injury.

Introdução: De acordo com a literatura médica, as dores nos ombros são a terceira queixa musculoesquelética mais comum observada na prática clínica. Calcula-se que 65 a 70% dessas ocorrências sejam causadas por lesões do manguito rotador. Um número significativo de casos da síndrome do manguito rotador está relacionado ao trabalho. Objetivos: Avaliar os diagnósticos dessa síndrome e os fatores de sucesso e insucesso nas condutas terapêuticas e administrativas de trabalhadores atendidos em um ambulatório de Medicina do Trabalho. Métodos: Este estudo analisou 142 relatórios médicos de trabalhadores com queixa de dores nos ombros atendidos no ambulatório de Medicina do Trabalho, de janeiro de 2015 a dezembro de 2019. Para homogeneizar as informações, em alguns casos, foi necessária a revisão do prontuário médico. Resultados: Após a realização de exames de imagem, 84% dos casos tiveram diagnóstico confirmado de síndrome do manguito rotador. Em 88% dos casos, foi indicado tratamento conservador, e parte destes (58%) evoluiu para tratamento cirúrgico. No processo de reabilitação, 51% dos pacientes foram reinseridos em atividade compatíveis e/ou readaptados ao trabalho e 49% não tiveram mudança de função. Conclusões: Além da história clínica e ocupacional, o exame de ultrassonografia teve sensibilidade e especificidade semelhantes à ressonância magnética para o diagnóstico de síndrome do manguito rotador. O afastamento do trabalho e dos fatores de risco ergonômicos devem ser parte integrante do tratamento da síndrome do manguito rotador. No retorno ao trabalho, o processo de reinserção e reabilitação precisa considerar a atividade compatível para não haver agravamentos das lesões.

[The present and future of precarious work for app-based workers]. / O presente e o futuro do trabalho precarizado dos trabalhadores por aplicativo.

In the struggle for survival, millions of people submit to deregulated and informal work. Taking advantage of this, app-based companies have attracted growing numbers of workers under the fallacy of entrepreneurship. The current study aimed to describe the biosocial profile of these workers, the work process, and forms of company control, besides analyzing the principal and emerging aspects in the respective participants. This is a scoping study in which data collection was oriented by the question, "What has been produced in the scientific literature on the profile and risks of app-based work?" from 2014 to 2020. Content analysis revealed thematic dimensions: the growth of apps in Brazil and worker relations; the profile of app-based workers; and their work exposure and demands for working conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The professional dynamic of app-based workers is marked by subordination, domination, and exhaustion. The fact that their employment relationship is not acknowledged does not deprive them of rights, dignity, and quality of life in the workplace. Spontaneous organization without trade union intermediation in this category of workers, backing a common agenda of demands to be discussed with other representatives of society, denotes the high degree of exploitation and precariousness and could suggest the path for app companies to adopt the principles of dignified, decent work.

Na luta pela sobrevivência milhões de pessoas se submetem ao trabalho desregulamentado e informal. Servindo-se disso, as empresas por aplicativos atraem cada vez mais trabalhadores sob a falácia do empreendedorismo. O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever o perfil biossocial destes trabalhadores, o processo de trabalho, as formas de controle das empresas e analisar os aspectos principais e emergentes entre as partes envolvidas. Trata-se de um estudo de escopo cujo processo de coleta do material foi norteado pelo questionamento: "O que se tem produzido na literatura científica sobre o perfil e os riscos no trabalho de aplicativos?", entre os anos de 2014 e 2020. A análise dos conteúdos deu origem a três eixos temáticos: O crescimento dos aplicativos no Brasil e a relação com o trabalhador; o perfil dos trabalhadores de aplicativos e sua exposição laboral, além de suas reivindicações de condições de trabalho diante da pandemia da COVID-19. A dinâmica profissional dos trabalhadores por aplicativo é marcada pela sujeição, dominação e desgaste. A falta de reconhecimento do vínculo empregatício não os faz sujeitos desprovidos de direitos, dignidade e qualidade de vida no ambiente de trabalho. A organização espontânea e sem intermediação sindical desta categoria de trabalhadores, em torno de uma pauta comum de reivindicações a ser discutida com os demais representantes da sociedade, denota o elevado grau de exploração e precarização, e poderá ser o caminho para que as empresas de aplicativos adotem premissas do trabalho digno e decente.

En su lucha por sobrevivir millones de personas están sometidas al trabajo irregular e informal. Sirviéndose de esto, las empresas mediante aplicaciones atraen cada vez más trabajadores bajo la falacia del emprendimiento. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir el perfil biosocial de estos trabajadores, su proceso laboral, formas de control de las empresas, así como analizar los aspectos principales y emergentes entre las partes implicadas. Se trata de un estudio de alcance, cuyo proceso de recogida de material se guio por la pregunta: "¿qué se ha producido en la literatura científica sobre el perfil y riesgos en el trabajo de aplicacciones?" entre los años 2014 y 2020. El análisis de los contenidos dio origen a tres ejes temáticos: crecimiento de las aplicaciones en Brasil y su relación con el trabajador; perfil de los trabajadores de aplicaciones y su exposición laboral, y sus reivindicaciones de condiciones de trabajo ante la pandemia de COVID-19. La dinámica profesional de los trabajadores por aplicaciones está marcada por la subordinación, dominación y desgaste. La falta de reconocimiento del vínculo laboral no se debe traducir en convertirlos en sujetos desprovistos de derechos, dignidad y calidad de vida en el ambiente de trabajo. La organización espontánea y sin intermediación sindical de esta categoría de trabajadores gira en torno a una pauta común de reivindicaciones, que debe ser discutida con los demás representantes de la sociedad. Esto denota su elevado grado de explotación y precarización, además podrá ser el camino para que las empresas de aplicaciones adopten premisas de trabajo digno y decente.

Musculoskeletal symptoms, psychosocial factors and work ability in Brazilian labor justice workers.

BACKGROUND: The implementation of the electronic judicial process (PJe) in recent years is associated with an increase in workload and stricter control through productivity targets in the Brazilian labor judiciary. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relations between musculoskeletal symptoms, psychosocial factors and work ability in civil servants of a labor justice body in the context of the PJe. METHODS: A cross-sectional exploratory study with a quantitative approach involving 449 workers. Sociodemographic, occupational and related data were collected through questionnaires validated in the Brazilian context. Data analysis was conducted by descriptive and inferential statistics: Mann-Whitney test, Spearman's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression. RESULTS: There was a correlation between musculoskeletal symptoms and psychosocial factors (p < 0.05), as well as between both musculoskeletal symptoms and psychosocial factors with reduced work ability (p < 0.05). The multiple linear regression model pointed to the female gender and the dimensions "demands", "control" and "peer support" as related to the musculoskeletal symptoms. CONCLUSION: We highlight the importance of a broader approach, involving psychosocial factors in preventive actions related to musculoskeletal disorders considering the important relationship with work ability.

Histórias de vida e estigma de trabalhadores com transtornos mentais acompanhados em ambulatório especializado / Life stories and social stigma of workers with mental disorders followed up in a specialize outpatient clinic in Campinas, Brazil

Este estudo de abordagem qualitativa teve como objetivo conhecer, analisar e compreender como a retirada de direitos sociais e trabalhistas interferiu na vida e no trabalho de pessoas com transtornos mentais graves. Foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com 11 participantes, oito homens e três mulheres, atendidos(as) em um ambulatório de Psiquiatria de um hospital universitário, com uso de roteiro semiestruturado, e realizou-se análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicam que a trajetória de trabalho dos(as) participantes iniciou-se na infância e adolescência, de modo que todos exerciam atividades de trabalho quando receberam o diagnóstico. A necessidade de afastamento, as dificuldades relacionadas ao retorno e a retirada de parte das pessoas do mundo do trabalho foram evidenciadas. Em face disso, foram discutidos os prejuízos sociais e trabalhistas após o diagnóstico de transtorno mental relatados pelos participantes. O processo de estigmatização apareceu no ambiente de trabalho, familiar e comunitário e contribuiu para o declínio da carreira e remuneração ou para a saída dos trabalhadores de suas atividades.

This qualitative approach study aimed to know, analyze, and understand how the withdrawal of social and labor rights interfered in the life and work of people with severe mental disorders. In-depth interviews with eleven participants, eight men and three women who were assisted at a psychiatric outpatient clinic of a university hospital, were performed. Semi-structured script interviews were conducted and content analysis was performed. The results indicate that the work trajectory of the participants began in childhood and adolescence, so that all performed work activities when they received diagnosis. The study highlighted the need for medical leave, the difficulties related to the return, and the withdrawal from work environment of part of the people interviewed. In view of this, the social and labor losses after the diagnosis of mental disorder reported by the participants were discussed. The stigmatization process manifested in their work, family and community environments and contributed to the decline in career and remuneration or to the withdrawal from their activities.

Workplace violence in the Psychosocial Care Centers of a city in the state of São Paulo.

INTRODUCTION: Workplace violence against health care professionals is a highly prevalent problem and is considered a public health concern by the World Health Organization. Yet most studies on the topic focus on its negative impact on the mental health of workers rather than the causes of these incidents. OBJECTIVES: To describe the frequency of workplace violence and its impact on professionals working in Psychosocial Care Centers (Centros de Atenção Psicossocial [CAPS]) in a large city in the state of São Paulo. METHODS: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted on a non-probabilistic sample of 193 health care workers across 11 Psychosocial Care Centers. Participants completed two self-administered instruments: a biosocial questionnaire and the Survey Questionnaire on Workplace Violence. RESULTS: The results showed that 42.4% of respondents had suffered physical violence; 64.8% had experienced psychological violence; and 29.5% had been victims of bullying/mobbing. In most cases, the victims responded to these incidents by taking no action, asking the perpetrator to stop, or speaking of the incident to a colleague or superior. A verbal warning was issued to perpetrators in only 21% of cases of physical violence. Mobbing had the greatest negative impact on respondents, followed by psychological and physical violence. CONCLUSIONS: Workplace violence is a part of everyday work in Psychosocial Care Centers. Though this violence is often naturalized and considered a collective defense against suffering, it did not prevent participants from reporting high levels of job satisfaction, reflecting the degree to which professionals at Psychosocial Care Centers are committed to their colleagues and to service users, as well as their search for professional recognition.