Effects of condensed tannin-amended cassava silage blend diets on feeding behavior, digestibility, nitrogen balance, milk yield and milk composition in dairy goats.

Condensed tannins (CTs) are phenolic compounds derived from secondary plant metabolism that act as part of the plant's chemical defense system against pathogen invasion and herbivorous attack. This study aimed to evaluate the intake, digestibility, nitrogen (N) balance, production and composition of milk from goats fed cassava silage with added levels of CTs. Eight Anglo-Nubian goats with a mean BW of 40 ±â€¯2.0 kg were distributed in a double Latin square design with four levels of CTs (0, 25, 50 and 75 g/kg DM) with four 20-day periods with 15 days of adaptation and five evaluation days for each period. No differences were observed in DM, NDF, CP intake and feed conversion (grams of DM intake (DMI) per gram of milk produced); however, when expressed as percent of BW, DMI showed a quadratic increase to 29.1 g/kg. As the level of supplemented CTs increased in the diet, the CP digestibility (P = 0.023), NDF (P = 0.044), non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC; P = 0.032) and total digestible nutrients (P = 0.033) exhibited a linear decrease. Furthermore, the addition of CTs to cassava silage induced a linear increase in N-fecal excretion (P = 0.014) and a positive quadratic effect on N-retained (P = 0.014) and N-balance (P = 0.024) as well as a positive quadratic trend in N-digested (P = 0.092). Milk urea N (P = 0.023) decreased linearly. The addition of CTs to cassava silage had a positive quadratic effect on ruminating time (P = 0.011). In addition, comparing the use or non-use from the orthogonal contrast test, the inclusion of CTs in goat diet increased water and N-intake, CP and NDF digestibility, spent time eating and ruminating and N-balance and decreased milk production corrected3.5%, fat milk content, milk urea N and dry defatted extract of milk. Thus, adding CTs to cassava silage at 25 g/kg total DM promoted goats' greater use of the diet without impairing feed conversion and the quality of goat milk produced. Dietary levels of 50 and 75 g/kg total DM are not recommended because under the conditions of this study, they reduced the productive efficiency of dairy goats.

Avaliação clínica de ovinos após a ingestão de elevada quantidade de manga / Clinical evaluation of sheep after high ingestion of mango fruit

Objetivou-se avaliar clinicamente os efeitos da administração intrarruminal de duas quantidades distintas de manga em ovinos. Foram utilizados sete ovinos machos, hígidos, que não receberam carboidratos não fibrosos por, pelo menos, seis meses previamente ao período experimental, quando se avaliou pH ruminal, total de protozoários no suco de rúmen, pH urinário, pH sanguíneo estimado e parâmetros vitais nos tempos zero, 12, 16, 20 e 24 após a administração da manga. Os sete ovinos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos e receberam 0,625% ou 1,875% da MS de manga/kg/PV (M1 e M2, respectivamente), distribuídos em delineamento cross-over, com uma parcela perdida, e 30 dias de washout. Os ovinos M2 apresentaram valores médios para pH ruminal significativamente inferiores a M1 a partir do tempo T12 (5,1 e 6,9, respectivamente), o que indica ocorrência de acidose ruminal. Os animais tratados com M1 não apresentaram alterações sistêmicas, ao passo que os ovinos tratados com M2 apresentaram acidose metabólica leve, detectada por meio do pH urinário ácido (4,8). A ingestão apenas de manga in natura na quantidade de 1,875% da MS de manga/kg/PV mostrou-se capaz de provocar acidose ruminal em ovinos, levando-os a: ligeira depressão, aumento da frequência cardíaca, diminuição dos movimentos ruminais e diarreia em alguns casos.(AU)

The aim of this study is to clinically evaluate the effects of intra ruminal administration of two different amounts of mango in sheep. The sample was of seven male healthy sheep, which did not receive non-fibrous carbohydrates for at least six months prior to the trial. Rumen fluid pH, total of protozoa in the rumen fluid, urine pH, estimated blood pH, and vital parameters were evaluated at the following times: zero, 12, 16, 20 and 24 hours after administration of the mango. The seven sheep were randomly divided into two groups and received either 0.625% or 1.875% of the dry matter of the pulp and mango peel per kg body weight (M1 and M2, respectively), distributed in cross-over design with a lost portion and 30 days washout. Sheep treated with M2 showed significantly lower average values for ruminal pH than the M1 since T12 (5.1 and 6.9, respectively), indicating the occurrence of ruminal acidosis. The animals treated with M1 showed no systemic changes, while the sheep treated with M2 had mild metabolic acidosis, detected through the lower urinary pH (4.8). The in natura mango ingestion in the amount of 1.875% of the dry matter of mango per kg of body weight proved to provoke rumen acidosis in sheep, leading these animals to: slight depression, rise in heart rate, diminished rumen movement, and diarrhea in some cases.(AU)