ABSTRACT
A maioria das diarréias é provocada por vírus, bactérias ou parasitas, durando menos de duas semanas. O diagnóstico baseia-se nos achados clínicos e exames laboratoriais precoces, direcionando o tratamento conforme determinação do Ministério da Saúde.O presente estudo visa traçar o perfil epidemiológico e coproparasitológico de crianças menores de 5 anos, internadas no Hospital Governador João Alves Filho, entre os meses de Julho à Setembro de 2004, com diarréia aguda e destacar a incidência de cada agente etiológico. Foram analisadas 30 amostras fecais de crianças com diarréia, utilizando 3 métodos: Método de Hoffman, coprocultura e reação de látex para Rotavírus. Juntamente, foram aplicados questionários aos responsáveis pela criança, caracterizando os aspectosepidemiológicos. Das amostras analisadas, observou-se a presença de Escherichia coli em 10 casos (33,33%), 9 casos (30%) foram positivos para Rotavírus, 4 casos (13,33%) de Giárdia lamblia, ancilostomídeos em 2 casos (6,66%) e 5 casos (16,66%) não apresentaramresultados conclusivos. Quanto às condições de saneamento básico, 56,6% não possuem rede de esgoto; 59,9% não possuem recolhimento diário do lixo; 93,3% são de famílias com renda per capita menor que 2 salários mínimos; 43,3% das mães não completaram o ensino fundamental. Verificou-se que as mínimas condições sócio-econômicas e culturais favorecem a disseminação dosagentes etiológicos da diarréia.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Diarrhea, Infantile/epidemiology , Diarrhea, Infantile/parasitology , Hospitalization , Rotavirus , Rotavirus Infections , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
The patients's clinical pictures, characterized by an erythema preceding the skin manifestations, their aspect and the occupational histories, made the diagnosis of a radiation accident possible before its dosimetric identification. Doses evaluations using thermoluminescence dosimeters and ionizing chambers correlated well with the clinical estimations. The immediate cause of the accident was poor maintenance of the device that caused its back window to be permanently open, but lack of adequate information on the biological effects of ionizing radiation and on the correct operational procedures were contributory facts. The description of this accident is relevant in virtue of the misconception that such equipment have "virtually no occupational risk". The patients's medical evolutions have had a favorable course, specially because the low energy of the X-ray and its low penetrating capacity. This accident highlights the need for the adequate training of workers on the handling of radiation devices.
Subject(s)
Environmental Exposure/adverse effects , Hand Dermatoses/etiology , Radioactive Hazard Release , Radiodermatitis/etiology , X-Ray Diffraction/instrumentation , Acute Disease , Adult , Equipment Failure , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Radiodermatitis/therapy , X-Rays/adverse effectsABSTRACT
As mãos de três trabalhadores foram irradiadas acidentalmente numa indústria em Camaçari, Estado da Bahia, Brasil. O diagnóstico clínico de radiodermite aguda foi possível, antes mesmo da confirmação dosimétrica da ocorrência, em virtude das manifestações cutâneas exibidas, precedidas por um eritema, e também pelas histórias ocupacionais. As avaliações das doses recebidas pelos acidentados, usando-se restituições com dosímetros termoluminescentes, tiveram boa correlação com as doses estimadas em função das manifestações clínicas. A causa imediata do acidente foi a má manutenção do equipamento que levou a sua janela posterior a ficar permanentemente aberta, porém foram fatores contributórios importantes a falta de informação dos empregados sobre os possíveis efeitos biológicos das radiações ionizantes e o não seguimento dos procedimentos operacionais corretos. A descrição deste acidente é importante, face ao grande número de difratômetros existentes em laboratórios, universidades, centros de pesquisa e indústrias. Tais aparelhos são considerados "virtualmente isentos de risco ocupacional", o que não é verdadeiro, como comprova a ocorrência que descrevemos. A evolução médica dos pacientes tem sido satisfatória, especialmente em virtude da baixa energia do feixe de raios X do difratômetro e, em conseqüência, da sua pequena penetração tissular.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Radiodermatitis/etiology , X-Ray Diffraction/instrumentation , X-Rays/adverse effects , Radioactive Hazard Release , Environmental Exposure , Hand/radiation effects , Radiodermatitis/therapy , Acute Disease , Equipment FailureABSTRACT
In a morphometric study on the ventral prostate and seminal vesicles in the rat, we investigated the changes in fibromuscular stroma, glandular epithelium, and glandular lumen. Animals were studied at 15, 30 and 45 days of age. The rapid prepubertal growth started earlier in the ventral prostate than in seminal vesicles. In addition, the effects of neonatal administration of estrogens on the different tissue compartments were studied, comparing rats that had been castrated and/or treated with estrogen at birth to intact animals at 15 days of age. Estrogens caused a decrease in the volume of the glandular epithelium and increased the volume of the fibromuscular stroma in both ventral prostate and seminal vesicles. Castration partially abolished the estrogen-induced growth of the stroma, which suggests that the growth is dependent on testicular factors. The difference in proportion of the fibromuscular stroma between the two glands is evidence that the size of the whole seminal vesicles has increased whereas the size of the ventral prostate has decreased.
Subject(s)
Estradiol/pharmacology , Prostate/growth & development , Seminal Vesicles/growth & development , Aging , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Male , Orchiectomy , Prostate/cytology , Prostate/drug effects , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Seminal Vesicles/cytology , Seminal Vesicles/drug effects , Sexual Maturation/drug effectsABSTRACT
The presence of cells bearing solitary cilia has been studied in the testes of normal and neonatally estrogenized rats. Peritubular myoid cells and undifferentiated interstitial cells showed a higher frequency of cilia in estrogenized animals than in control ones, from 15 to 45 days of age, the differences being slighter at 90 days of age.
Subject(s)
Cilia/ultrastructure , Estrogens/pharmacology , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects , Testis/cytology , Animals , Estradiol/pharmacology , Female , Male , Microscopy, Electron , Pregnancy , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Testis/drug effects , Testis/embryologyABSTRACT
A morphometric study of rat testis development and ageing (from 5 to 360 days of age) has been carried out. The testicular volume increases from 10.28 +/- 0.35 mm3 (5 days of age) to 1819.43 +/- 52.67 mm3 (360 days of age), showing the most rapid increase between 20 and 70 days of age (22.6 times). The mean tubular diameter increases from 62.25 +/- 1.50 micron (5 days of age) to 280.81 +/- 9.77 microns (360 days of age) and the tubular length from 2.74 +/- 0.18 m (5 days of age) to 25.45 +/- 1.76 m (360 days of age). Up to 15 days of age, the increase in testicular volume was mainly due to the increase in tubular length, whereas from this age onwards the tubular growth was similar in both length and diameter. Tubular development had nearly finished at 70 days of age.
Subject(s)
Rats/anatomy & histology , Seminiferous Tubules/growth & development , Testis/growth & development , Aging/physiology , Animals , Male , Morphogenesis , Rats, Inbred Strains/anatomy & histology , Seminiferous Tubules/anatomy & histology , Seminiferous Tubules/physiologyABSTRACT
An ultrastructural and morphometric study of the testes in 15-, 22-, 45-, and 90-day-old neonatally estrogenized rats was performed. At 45 days of age, the Sertoli cells appeared immature in estrogenized rats, whereas they were fully mature in the controls. This finding might be related to a deficiency in gonadotropins and androgens during the postnatal period. In 90-day-old estrogenized rats, however, Sertoli cell maturation had occurred, which might be attributed to a recovery of hormone levels. Cytoplasmic alterations, however, such as vacuolation, were present at this age. The morphometric study revealed decreased testicular and tubular volumes as well as decreased mean tubular diameters in the estrogenized animals. In contrast, the absolute tubular length increased more in these animals than in the controls during the period from 15 to 90 days of age. This lengthening process might be related to the large number of hypercurved tubules in the estrogenized rats.
Subject(s)
Estrogens/pharmacology , Sertoli Cells/drug effects , Testis/growth & development , Age Factors , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Cell Differentiation/drug effects , Male , Microscopy, Electron , Rats , Seminiferous Tubules/cytology , Spermatogenesis/drug effects , Testis/drug effectsABSTRACT
The presence of increased numbers of mast cells in the testis of adult neonatally estrogenized rats is reported. The histometric study revealed significant differences between control and estrogenized animals for two ages considered (45 and 90 days). This increase might be related with the development of connective tissue in estrogenized rats.
Subject(s)
Estradiol/pharmacology , Mast Cells/cytology , Testis/cytology , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Male , Microscopy, Electron , Rats , Seminiferous Tubules/cytology , Seminiferous Tubules/drug effects , Testis/drug effectsABSTRACT
Stereological methods under light and electron microscopy have been used to study the ventricular myocardium of rats exhausted by swimming exercise. The proportion of myocardial cell/interstitium diminishes with the exercise. This result is interpreted as a consequence of an intercellular edema which becomes more pronounced during the first hour of exercise. In the myocardial cells, neither the relative volume occupied by the myofibrils nor the number of mitochondria per cm3 undergoes significant changes. Nevertheless, a progressive increase of the relative mitochondrial volume is observed, specially during the first two hours of exercise. This increase may mainly be due to swelling of these organules, since a significant increase of the mean mitochondrial volume was noticed. These features confirm the observations made at ultrastructural level.
Subject(s)
Myocardium/pathology , Physical Exertion , Animals , Body Weight , Female , Male , Microscopy, Electron , Mitochondria, Heart/ultrastructure , Myofibrils/ultrastructure , Organ Size , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , SwimmingABSTRACT
The ventricular myocardium of rats sacrificed immediately after exhaustive swimming exercise showed the following degenerative changes. The organization of the myofilaments varied from an accentuated hypercontraction of the sarcomeres to a disorganization of the same with loss of orientation of the myofilaments and blurring of the Z lines ("contraction bands"). The mitochondria showed an increased swelling along with disorganization of the cristae and narrow joints between the membranes. The nuclei showed an increase in the amount of heterochromatin. All these changes were evident in the first few minutes of the exercise and they reached their maximum level between the first and second hours, diminishing during the second and third hour. The effect produced in the myocardium by this exercise is reversible, since the appearance of the fibres in rats sacrificed at the twelfth, twenty-fourth, and forty-eight hour following the end of the exercise was approaching that of the controls.
