The new Myopic Traction Maculopathy Staging System.

PURPOSE: To describe a comprehensive OCT-based classification of myopic traction maculopathy (MTM). METHODS: Two hundred eighty-one eyes with MTM (visited from 2006 to 2018), were retrospectively reviewed for age, best-corrected-visual-acuity (BCVA), axial length (AL), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and wide-field color fundus-photographs. The study was divided in two Phases. Phase 1: MTM types were categorized with OCT and correlated with age and BCVA. The type of staphyloma was described. Phase 2: the evolution of MTM was studied evaluating at least three OCT exams of each eye taken at different timings (interval between each exam: 1-10 years). RESULTS: Phase 1: We identified, four MTM retinal stages (1. Inner/Outer Maculoschisis; 2. Predominantly outer Maculoschisis; 3. Maculoschisis-Macular Detachment; 4. Macular Detachment) and three foveal stages (a. Normal fovea; b. Inner Lamellar-Macular-Hole; c. Full-Thickness-Macular-Hole). Outer-Lamellar-Macular-Holes and epiretinal abnormalities were associated findings. Stages 1 to 2 were younger than stages 3 to 4 (p < 0.05). BCVA in stages 1, 2 was similar, and higher than stages 3, 4 (p < 0.02). About 14% of eyes had no staphyloma, 73% of eyes had staphyloma type 1 or 2. MTM stages were not correlated with AL. Phase 2: The retina could change in time from stage 1 to 4, or the fovea could change from stage a to c. Mean evolution time from stage 1 to 2, stage 2 to 3, and 3 to 4 were 20, 12, 3 months, respectively. BCVA decreased over time as stages increased (p = 0.47). CONCLUSION: The MSS Table displays a new classification, the natural evolution, and practical insights for the management of MTM.

INDICATIONS AND RESULTS OF A NEW L-SHAPED MACULAR BUCKLE TO SUPPORT A POSTERIOR STAPHYLOMA IN HIGH MYOPIA.

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of a macular buckle in treating myopic traction maculopathy was studied. METHODS: Fifty eyes with myopic traction maculopathy, in the form of macular detachment with macular hole (MHMD), or without macular hole (MD) and macular foveoschisis (MF), were treated with vitrectomy combined with macular buckle or with a macular buckle without vitrectomy. RESULTS: Combined group: The combined group comprised 10 eyes with MHMD, 6 eyes with MD, and 4 eyes with MF. The retina was attached in 100% of MD and MHMD and the MF was improved in 100% of cases. The hole was closed in 60% of MHMD. The mean initial and final Snellen best-corrected visual acuity was 20/500 and 20/100 for MHMD, 20/200 and 20/60 for MD, and 20/200 and 20/50 for MF. The mean surgical time was 80 ± 35 minutes. Fundus angiography or indocyanine green revealed no alteration of the chorioretinal blood flow. Buckle shortening was required in 6/20 (30% of cases) patients for lateral extrusion of the sponge through the conjunctiva with the first sponge model. This complication was overcome by changing the arm of the buckle. Buckle group: The buckle group comprised 5 eyes with MHMD, 11 with MD, and 14 with MF. The retina was attached in 100% of MHMD, MD, and MF. The macular hole was closed in 60%. The mean initial and final Snellen best-corrected visual acuity was 20/800 and 20/60 for MHMD, 20/125 and 20/50 for MD, and 20/200 and 20/63 for MF. The mean postoperative decrement in axial length was 1.21 mm. The mean surgical time was 35 ± 15 minutes. Fundus angiography or indocyanine green revealed no alteration of the chorioretinal blood flow. Complications included conjunctiva erosion (15%), diplopia (7.7%), and pain (3.8%). Magnetic resonance imaging showed flattening of the posterior staphyloma. CONCLUSION: Considering the possible complications and technical difficulties of vitrectomy, we suggest that the macular buckle alone should be the first treatment of myopic traction maculopathy. Vitrectomy should be reserved only for cases of tangential tractions.