ABSTRACT
A series of arylglycine-based analogs was synthesized and tested for TRPM8 antagonism in a cell-based functional assay. Following structure-activity relationship studies in vitro, a number of compounds were identified as potent TRPM8 antagonists and were subsequently evaluated in an in vivo pharmacodynamic assay of icilin-induced 'wet-dog' shaking in which compound 12 was fully effective. TRPM8 antagonists of the type described here may be useful in treating pain conditions wherein cold hypersensitivity is a dominant feature.
Subject(s)
Glycine/pharmacology , TRPM Cation Channels/antagonists & inhibitors , Animals , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Glycine/analogs & derivatives , Glycine/chemistry , HEK293 Cells , Humans , Molecular Structure , Pyrimidinones/pharmacology , Rats , Stereoisomerism , Structure-Activity Relationship , TRPM Cation Channels/agonistsABSTRACT
A series of (6,7-dimethoxy-2,4-dihydroindeno[1,2-c]pyrazol-3-yl)phenylamines has been optimized to preserve both potent kinase inhibition activity against the angiogenesis target, the receptor tyrosine kinase of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB (PDGF-BB), and to improve the broad tumor cell antiproliferative activity of these compounds. This series culminates in the discovery of 17 (JNJ-10198409), a compound with anti-PDGFR-beta kinase activity (IC(50)=0.0042 microM) and potent antiproliferative activity in six of eight human tumor cell lines (IC(50) < 0.033 microM).
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Indans/chemical synthesis , Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors , Pyrazoles/chemical synthesis , Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors , Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis , Becaplermin , Cell Line , Cell Line, Tumor , Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects , Humans , Indans/pharmacology , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis , Pyrazoles/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Anti-AIDS drug candidate and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) TMC125-R165335 (etravirine) caused an initial drop in viral load similar to that observed with a five-drug combination in naïve patients and retains potency in patients infected with NNRTI-resistant HIV-1 variants. TMC125-R165335 and related anti-AIDS drug candidates can bind the enzyme RT in multiple conformations and thereby escape the effects of drug-resistance mutations. Structural studies showed that this inhibitor and other diarylpyrimidine (DAPY) analogues can adapt to changes in the NNRTI-binding pocket in several ways: (1). DAPY analogues can bind in at least two conformationally distinct modes; (2). within a given binding mode, torsional flexibility ("wiggling") of DAPY analogues permits access to numerous conformational variants; and (3). the compact design of the DAPY analogues permits significant repositioning and reorientation (translation and rotation) within the pocket ("jiggling"). Such adaptations appear to be critical for potency against wild-type and a wide range of drug-resistant mutant HIV-1 RTs. Exploitation of favorable components of inhibitor conformational flexibility (such as torsional flexibility about strategically located chemical bonds) can be a powerful drug design concept, especially for designing drugs that will be effective against rapidly mutating targets.
