ABSTRACT
Neurospheres from the subventricular zone of adult mice were used as an experimental model to analyse the early differential effects of 17beta-estradiol (17beta-E2). Both floating and differentiating neurospheres expressed estrogen receptors (ERs) alpha and beta. The initial phases of differentiation coincided with a peak of ERalpha expression as by Western blot analysis. Treatment with 10 nM 17beta-E2 induced a significant increase in the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive population and a greater expression of GFAP, an effect sensitive to the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780. The GFAP-positive cell population induced by 17beta-E2 was characterized by a highly differentiated phenotype and intense immunostaining as by immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. These cells co-expressed ERalpha and were positive to BrdU. 17beta-E2 also affected neuronal differentiation by rapidly and transiently increasing the percentage of polysialylated-neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM)-positive progenitors, and by accelerating the appearance of a mature neuronal phenotype, as evaluated by microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) staining. Our results point to a key role for ERalpha during initial phases of differentiation of brain cells and to an effect of 17beta-E2 that sequentially involves both glia and neurons.
Subject(s)
Astrocytes/cytology , Brain/growth & development , Cell Differentiation/physiology , Estrogens/metabolism , Neurons/cytology , Animals , Astrocytes/drug effects , Astrocytes/metabolism , Blotting, Western , Brain/cytology , Brain/metabolism , Cell Differentiation/drug effects , Estradiol/analogs & derivatives , Estradiol/pharmacology , Estrogen Antagonists/pharmacology , Flow Cytometry , Fulvestrant , Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Male , Mice , Neurons/drug effects , Neurons/metabolism , Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
We evaluated the effects of 10-alpha-methoxy-9,10-dihydrolysergol (MDL) and 1-methyl-10-alpha-methoxy-9,10-dihydrolysergol (MMDL), two nicergoline metabolites, during chronic treatment with haloperidol in rats. Haloperidol induced a significant decrease in the glutathione (GSH) content in selected areas of the brain and in the liver. Prolonged administration of MDL, MMDL or nicergoline antagonized the haloperidol-induced GSH decrease. Lipid peroxidation in the cortex and striatum was suppressed by MDL, MMDL or nicergoline administration. Our results show that MDL, MMDL and nicergoline have antioxidant activity, preventing not only GSH depletion but also lipid peroxidation. These observations suggest beneficial properties of MDL and MMDL in the treatment of neuroleptic-induced side effects.
